{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2935895641","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fskd.2018.8687147","title":"A Robust and Real-Time Approach for License Plate Detection","display_name":"A Robust and Real-Time Approach for License Plate Detection","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2935895641","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fskd.2018.8687147","mag":"2935895641"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/fskd.2018.8687147","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fskd.2018.8687147","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 14th International Conference on Natural Computation, Fuzzy Systems and Knowledge Discovery (ICNC-FSKD)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115749202","display_name":"Dan Pu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1669-1649"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dan Pu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084538628","display_name":"Naijie Gu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8898-0896"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Naijie Gu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002696444","display_name":"Xiaoci Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoci Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5115749202"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2057,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.62646819,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12707","display_name":"Vehicle License Plate Recognition","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12707","display_name":"Vehicle License Plate Recognition","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9763000011444092,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12546","display_name":"Smart Parking Systems Research","score":0.9693999886512756,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/license","display_name":"License","score":0.9447161555290222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7773960828781128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.7715839147567749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6119382977485657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.5474799275398254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state","display_name":"State (computer science)","score":0.476026326417923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intelligent-transportation-system","display_name":"Intelligent transportation system","score":0.4493383765220642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.44239842891693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.39671507477760315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3084505796432495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.14531362056732178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.07298430800437927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transport-engineering","display_name":"Transport engineering","score":0.06873634457588196}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780560020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79719","display_name":"License","level":2,"score":0.9447161555290222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7773960828781128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.7715839147567749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6119382977485657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.5474799275398254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.476026326417923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47796450","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q508378","display_name":"Intelligent transportation system","level":2,"score":0.4493383765220642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.44239842891693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.39671507477760315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3084505796432495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.14531362056732178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.07298430800437927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.06873634457588196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/fskd.2018.8687147","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fskd.2018.8687147","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 14th International Conference on Natural Computation, Fuzzy Systems and Knowledge Discovery (ICNC-FSKD)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1975399404","https://openalex.org/W2024121930","https://openalex.org/W2039456697","https://openalex.org/W2088920913","https://openalex.org/W2102605133","https://openalex.org/W2102608210","https://openalex.org/W2120820227","https://openalex.org/W2135449683","https://openalex.org/W2147182750","https://openalex.org/W2149763771","https://openalex.org/W2171786422","https://openalex.org/W2193145675","https://openalex.org/W2279655419","https://openalex.org/W2515655118","https://openalex.org/W2523246573","https://openalex.org/W2543461915","https://openalex.org/W2574979776","https://openalex.org/W2575354312","https://openalex.org/W2604593829","https://openalex.org/W2618819586","https://openalex.org/W2733507598","https://openalex.org/W2765514562","https://openalex.org/W2765763274","https://openalex.org/W2767598133","https://openalex.org/W2963037989","https://openalex.org/W3106250896","https://openalex.org/W4294391685"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2606446052","https://openalex.org/W2036021480","https://openalex.org/W3195777957","https://openalex.org/W2382668227","https://openalex.org/W2348482143","https://openalex.org/W2024584030","https://openalex.org/W4312856422","https://openalex.org/W2348931365","https://openalex.org/W2969228573","https://openalex.org/W2963690996"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"License":[0],"plate":[1,29,82,91],"detection":[2,115,118],"(LPD)":[3],"plays":[4],"an":[5,86],"important":[6],"role":[7],"in":[8,32,61,132],"intelligent":[9],"transportation":[10],"system.":[11],"Many":[12],"LPD":[13],"methods":[14,54],"work":[15],"effectively":[16],"under":[17],"particular":[18],"scenarios":[19],"or":[20],"strict":[21],"assumptions.":[22],"However,":[23],"when":[24],"the":[25,44,89,94,100,123,129,141],"processed":[26],"vehicle":[27,80],"license":[28,81,90],"images":[30],"lie":[31],"a":[33,66],"more":[34],"complex":[35],"environment,":[36],"such":[37],"as":[38],"different":[39],"illuminations,":[40],"diverse":[41],"state":[42],"of":[43,99,114,148],"weather,":[45],"various":[46],"camera":[47],"equipment":[48],"rotations":[49],"and":[50,78,96,104,109,117],"so":[51],"on,":[52],"these":[53],"usually":[55],"lead":[56],"to":[57,75,106,146],"poor":[58],"performance.":[59],"Therefore,":[60],"this":[62,133],"paper,":[63],"we":[64],"present":[65],"novel":[67],"method":[68],"based":[69],"on":[70,122],"convolutional":[71],"neural":[72],"network":[73,101],"(CNN)":[74],"perform":[76],"high-accuracy":[77],"real-time":[79,110],"detection.":[83,111],"By":[84],"using":[85],"improved":[87],"CNN,":[88],"features":[92],"from":[93],"bottom":[95],"high":[97],"levels":[98],"are":[102],"extracted":[103],"integrated":[105],"achieve":[107],"precise":[108],"In":[112],"terms":[113],"accuracy":[116],"efficiency,":[119],"experimental":[120],"results":[121],"public":[124],"dataset":[125],"AOLP":[126],"demonstrate":[127],"that":[128],"approach":[130,143],"proposed":[131,142],"paper":[134],"outperforms":[135],"other":[136],"existing":[137],"state-of-the-art":[138],"approaches.":[139],"Also,":[140],"is":[144],"robust":[145],"varieties":[147],"complicated":[149],"scenarios,":[150],"exhibiting":[151],"great":[152],"practicability.":[153]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
