{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2810298311","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fskd.2017.8393382","title":"Flower classification based on single petal image and machine learning methods","display_name":"Flower classification based on single petal image and machine learning methods","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2810298311","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fskd.2017.8393382","mag":"2810298311"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/fskd.2017.8393382","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fskd.2017.8393382","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 13th International Conference on Natural Computation, Fuzzy Systems and Knowledge Discovery (ICNC-FSKD)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028974886","display_name":"Siyuan Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6720-1323"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152031979","display_name":"Nanjing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/036trcv74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152031979"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Siyuan Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152031979"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046739709","display_name":"Zhihai Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5271-4281"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152031979","display_name":"Nanjing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/036trcv74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152031979"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhihai Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152031979"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023531166","display_name":"Xianqing Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135237710","display_name":"Zhejiang Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vevwk45","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135237710"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xianqing Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of electrical engineering, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of electrical engineering, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135237710"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007987858","display_name":"Shuihua Wang\u200e","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4713-2791"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76513827","display_name":"New York City College of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/021a7pw18","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76513827"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuihua Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["New York City College of Technology, Brooklyn, NY, US"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"New York City College of Technology, Brooklyn, NY, US","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76513827"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100434437","display_name":"Yudong Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4870-1493"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152031979","display_name":"Nanjing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/036trcv74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152031979"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yudong Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152031979"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5028974886"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152031979"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.4912,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88537837,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"826","last_page":"831"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10640","display_name":"Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses","score":0.9854999780654907,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1602","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13890","display_name":"Remote Sensing and Land Use","score":0.9800000190734863,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.8251556158065796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6657121777534485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.6616528630256653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.64383465051651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","score":0.5878061056137085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decision-tree","display_name":"Decision tree","score":0.5845637321472168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.45316237211227417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/petal","display_name":"Petal","score":0.4519968032836914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.44604435563087463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wavelet","display_name":"Wavelet","score":0.43475210666656494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4315685033798218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contextual-image-classification","display_name":"Contextual image classification","score":0.41012027859687805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.32792845368385315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.20842382311820984}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.8251556158065796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6657121777534485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.6616528630256653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.64383465051651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74193536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574844","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.5878061056137085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84525736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831366","display_name":"Decision tree","level":2,"score":0.5845637321472168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.45316237211227417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120545014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107412","display_name":"Petal","level":2,"score":0.4519968032836914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.44604435563087463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47432892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831390","display_name":"Wavelet","level":2,"score":0.43475210666656494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4315685033798218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75294576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165192","display_name":"Contextual image classification","level":3,"score":0.41012027859687805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.32792845368385315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.20842382311820984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/fskd.2017.8393382","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fskd.2017.8393382","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 13th International Conference on Natural Computation, Fuzzy Systems and Knowledge Discovery (ICNC-FSKD)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.6600000262260437}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1475705016","https://openalex.org/W1539557979","https://openalex.org/W1906091715","https://openalex.org/W1964730051","https://openalex.org/W1971278352","https://openalex.org/W2014802425","https://openalex.org/W2030497069","https://openalex.org/W2032756295","https://openalex.org/W2038344945","https://openalex.org/W2053631617","https://openalex.org/W2075088731","https://openalex.org/W2083504715","https://openalex.org/W2086070973","https://openalex.org/W2089823609","https://openalex.org/W2109209964","https://openalex.org/W2150856297","https://openalex.org/W2173234358","https://openalex.org/W2202438126","https://openalex.org/W2275123641","https://openalex.org/W2283397996","https://openalex.org/W2315499781","https://openalex.org/W2337206300","https://openalex.org/W2509876630","https://openalex.org/W2520829322","https://openalex.org/W2533598788","https://openalex.org/W2545046665","https://openalex.org/W2549726853","https://openalex.org/W2552919466","https://openalex.org/W2558107930","https://openalex.org/W2585986260","https://openalex.org/W2590898438","https://openalex.org/W2591503963","https://openalex.org/W2592234943","https://openalex.org/W2597348079","https://openalex.org/W2598038731","https://openalex.org/W3105149694","https://openalex.org/W4252840825","https://openalex.org/W6632309868","https://openalex.org/W6727058970"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2381101607","https://openalex.org/W2183564221","https://openalex.org/W2026306910","https://openalex.org/W2789855011","https://openalex.org/W2061939770","https://openalex.org/W2128244266","https://openalex.org/W3036211860","https://openalex.org/W2045731359","https://openalex.org/W2074219825","https://openalex.org/W2599254681"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"research":[1],"presented":[2],"a":[3,30],"novel":[4],"automatic":[5],"flower":[6,124],"classification":[7],"system":[8],"based":[9,67],"on":[10],"computer":[11],"vision":[12],"and":[13,39,71],"machine":[14],"learning":[15],"techniques.":[16],"First,":[17],"we":[18,35],"obtained":[19],"in":[20,122,126],"total":[21],"157":[22],"petal":[23,44],"images":[24],"of":[25,80,93,115],"three":[26],"alike":[27],"categories":[28,79,125],"using":[29],"digital":[31],"camera.":[32],"After":[33],"pre-processing,":[34],"extracted":[36],"color":[37],"features":[38],"wavelet":[40],"entropies":[41],"from":[42],"the":[43,78,81,90,94,105],"images.":[45],"Then,":[46],"principle":[47],"component":[48],"analysis":[49],"was":[50,86],"utilized":[51],"for":[52],"feature":[53],"reduction.":[54],"Finally,":[55],"four":[56,109],"different":[57],"classifiers,":[58],"Support":[59],"Vector":[60],"Machine,":[61,70],"Weighted":[62,101],"k":[63],"Nearest":[64],"Neighbors,":[65],"Kernel":[66],"Extreme":[68],"Learning":[69],"Decision":[72],"Tree,":[73],"were":[74],"trained":[75],"to":[76,88],"recognize":[77],"petals.":[82],"5-fold":[83],"cross":[84],"validation":[85],"employed":[87],"evaluate":[89],"out-of-sample":[91],"performance":[92],"classifiers.":[95],"The":[96,117],"experimental":[97],"results":[98],"showed":[99],"that":[100],"k-Nearest":[102],"Neighbors":[103],"performed":[104],"best":[106],"among":[107],"all":[108],"classifiers":[110],"with":[111,128],"an":[112],"overall":[113],"accuracy":[114],"99.4%.":[116],"proposed":[118],"approach":[119],"is":[120],"efficient":[121],"identifying":[123],"comparison":[127],"state-of-the-art":[129],"methods.":[130]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
