{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2811092272","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fskd.2017.8393226","title":"Email trouble: Secrets of spoofing, the dangers of social engineering, and how we can help","display_name":"Email trouble: Secrets of spoofing, the dangers of social engineering, and how we can help","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2811092272","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fskd.2017.8393226","mag":"2811092272"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/fskd.2017.8393226","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fskd.2017.8393226","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 13th International Conference on Natural Computation, Fuzzy Systems and Knowledge Discovery (ICNC-FSKD)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068511675","display_name":"Bridget Opazo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I53559539","display_name":"Radford University","ror":"https://ror.org/04647g470","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I53559539"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bridget Opazo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Technology, Radford University, Radford, VA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Technology, Radford University, Radford, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I53559539"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070964915","display_name":"Don Whitteker","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I53559539","display_name":"Radford University","ror":"https://ror.org/04647g470","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I53559539"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Don Whitteker","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Technology, Radford University, Radford, VA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Technology, Radford University, Radford, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I53559539"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063428929","display_name":"Chen-Chi Shing","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I53559539","display_name":"Radford University","ror":"https://ror.org/04647g470","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I53559539"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen-Chi Shing","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Technology, Radford University, Radford, VA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Technology, Radford University, Radford, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I53559539"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5068511675"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I53559539"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.4181,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9198303,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12519","display_name":"Cybercrime and Law Enforcement Studies","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12519","display_name":"Cybercrime and Law Enforcement Studies","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9919000267982483,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10734","display_name":"Information and Cyber Security","score":0.9905999898910522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.8095356225967407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spoofing-attack","display_name":"Spoofing attack","score":0.7839789390563965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7111179232597351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.5690616369247437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-engineering","display_name":"Social engineering (security)","score":0.5245859026908875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/keystroke-logging","display_name":"Keystroke logging","score":0.5169498324394226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phishing","display_name":"Phishing","score":0.5150911211967468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/header","display_name":"Header","score":0.506644070148468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/listing","display_name":"Listing (finance)","score":0.4989125728607178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ransomware","display_name":"Ransomware","score":0.48531121015548706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.3953958749771118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malware","display_name":"Malware","score":0.3079546391963959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.1890442967414856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.15755793452262878}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.8095356225967407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167900197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11081100","display_name":"Spoofing attack","level":2,"score":0.7839789390563965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7111179232597351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.5690616369247437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70118762","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q376934","display_name":"Social engineering (security)","level":2,"score":0.5245859026908875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161615301","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309396","display_name":"Keystroke logging","level":2,"score":0.5169498324394226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83860907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q135005","display_name":"Phishing","level":3,"score":0.5150911211967468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48105269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1141160","display_name":"Header","level":2,"score":0.506644070148468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779820595","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q798505","display_name":"Listing (finance)","level":2,"score":0.4989125728607178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777667771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q926331","display_name":"Ransomware","level":3,"score":0.48531121015548706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.3953958749771118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C541664917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14001","display_name":"Malware","level":2,"score":0.3079546391963959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.1890442967414856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.15755793452262878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/fskd.2017.8393226","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fskd.2017.8393226","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 13th International Conference on Natural Computation, Fuzzy Systems and Knowledge Discovery (ICNC-FSKD)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.7300000190734863,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":1,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W621328809"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3127778980","https://openalex.org/W3156953641","https://openalex.org/W2944809083","https://openalex.org/W3159552247","https://openalex.org/W4229025036","https://openalex.org/W2737752763","https://openalex.org/W2765340726","https://openalex.org/W2572193563","https://openalex.org/W4283826021","https://openalex.org/W2595760708"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Email":[0,19],"spoofing":[1,25],"is":[2],"a":[3,10,42,89,93,122,127],"method":[4],"of":[5,16,153,162,178,189],"scamming":[6],"individuals":[7],"by":[8,23,170],"impersonating":[9],"trusted":[11,182],"correspondent":[12],"via":[13],"email.":[14,124],"Incidences":[15],"successful":[17],"Business":[18],"Compromise":[20],"(BEC)":[21],"implemented":[22,35,57],"email":[24,70,132],"are":[26,32,56,60,73],"rising":[27],"astronomically.":[28],"Existing":[29],"security":[30,54,83,103],"systems":[31,55],"not":[33,62,74],"widely":[34],"and":[36,136,165],"cannot":[37],"provide":[38],"perfect":[39],"protection":[40],"against":[41],"technological":[43],"threat":[44],"that":[45,98,118],"relies":[46],"on":[47],"social":[48],"engineering":[49],"for":[50,88],"success.":[51],"When":[52],"existing":[53,96],"the":[58,67,108,114,138,160,176,187],"settings":[59,104],"generally":[61],"restrictive":[63],"enough":[64],"to":[65,82,95,130,140,156],"catch":[66],"more":[68],"sophisticated":[69],"attacks.":[71],"Businesses":[72],"comfortable":[75],"with":[76],"legitimate":[77],"emails":[78],"being":[79],"lost":[80],"due":[81],"false":[84,190],"positives.":[85,191],"Our":[86],"idea":[87],"solution":[90],"would":[91,99,106,185],"add":[92],"layer":[94],"precautions":[97],"permit":[100],"looser":[101],"server-side":[102],"but":[105],"warn":[107],"user":[109,139,168],"when":[110],"discrepancies":[111],"occur":[112],"in":[113,159],"header":[115,133],"source":[116,134],"code":[117,135],"could":[119,145,166,174],"result":[120],"from":[121],"spoofed":[123],"We":[125],"suggest":[126],"client-side":[128],"sentinel":[129],"vet":[131],"alert":[137],"potential":[141],"problems.":[142],"This":[143],"software":[144],"log":[146],"alerts,":[147],"notify":[148],"company":[149,154],"officials,":[150],"remind":[151],"users":[152],"policies":[155],"be":[157],"followed":[158],"event":[161],"suspicious":[163],"email,":[164],"increase":[167],"accountability":[169],"logging":[171],"incidents.":[172],"Users":[173],"have":[175],"option":[177],"white-listing":[179],"frequently":[180],"flagged":[181],"correspondents":[183],"which":[184],"decrease":[186],"annoyance":[188]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
