{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2566666049","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fpt.2016.7929555","title":"An acceleration of a random forest classification using Altera SDK for OpenCL","display_name":"An acceleration of a random forest classification using Altera SDK for OpenCL","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2566666049","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fpt.2016.7929555","mag":"2566666049"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/fpt.2016.7929555","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fpt.2016.7929555","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 International Conference on Field-Programmable Technology (FPT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070734898","display_name":"Hiroki Nakahara","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5701-7466"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114531698","display_name":"Tokyo Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0112mx960","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114531698"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hiroki Nakahara","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114531698"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016922897","display_name":"Akira Jinguji","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5691-3472"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114531698","display_name":"Tokyo Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0112mx960","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114531698"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Akira Jinguji","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114531698"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Tomonori Fujii","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114531698","display_name":"Tokyo Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0112mx960","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114531698"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tomonori Fujii","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114531698"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Simpei Sato","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114531698","display_name":"Tokyo Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0112mx960","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114531698"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Simpei Sato","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114531698"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5070734898"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114531698"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.09617725,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"116","issue":"177","first_page":"289","last_page":"292"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.6543999910354614,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.6543999910354614,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"Random forest","score":0.681576132774353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acceleration","display_name":"Acceleration","score":0.6540219187736511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5820252299308777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.3743063509464264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.31061965227127075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.12129071354866028}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.681576132774353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117896860","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11376","display_name":"Acceleration","level":2,"score":0.6540219187736511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5820252299308777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.3743063509464264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.31061965227127075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.12129071354866028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74650414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11397","display_name":"Classical mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/fpt.2016.7929555","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fpt.2016.7929555","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 International Conference on Field-Programmable Technology (FPT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"mag:2566666049","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ieice.org/ken/paper/20160809Mb9C/eng/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306512848","display_name":"IEICE Technical Report; IEICE Tech. Rep.","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":"IEICE Technical Report; IEICE Tech. Rep.","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","score":0.4300000071525574,"display_name":"Life in Land"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1971616954","https://openalex.org/W2005489441","https://openalex.org/W2036257958","https://openalex.org/W2059343366","https://openalex.org/W2111354851","https://openalex.org/W2120240539","https://openalex.org/W2135132101","https://openalex.org/W2144700548","https://openalex.org/W2149937348","https://openalex.org/W2162741763","https://openalex.org/W2911964244"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2564828139","https://openalex.org/W2598417991","https://openalex.org/W2892414236","https://openalex.org/W2894411878","https://openalex.org/W2807808525","https://openalex.org/W2894403716","https://openalex.org/W2759950396","https://openalex.org/W2600230744","https://openalex.org/W2258473552","https://openalex.org/W2546926712","https://openalex.org/W2791787150","https://openalex.org/W2921290383","https://openalex.org/W2564872510","https://openalex.org/W3016180724","https://openalex.org/W2620354744","https://openalex.org/W2886191440"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"random":[1,76],"forest":[2,77],"(RF)":[3],"is":[4,49,60,78,132],"a":[5,14,17,35,133],"kind":[6,134],"of":[7,21,135,169],"ensemble":[8],"machine":[9,45],"learning":[10,46],"algorithm":[11],"used":[12,51],"for":[13,52,65,71,122,129,210,238],"classification":[15],"and":[16,39,68,184,200,205,227,255],"regression.":[18],"It":[19,48],"consists":[20],"multiple":[22],"decision":[23],"trees":[24],"that":[25],"are":[26],"built":[27],"from":[28],"randomly":[29],"sampled":[30],"data.":[31],"The":[32],"RF":[33,124,141,192],"has":[34],"simple,":[36],"fast":[37],"learning,":[38],"identification":[40],"capability":[41],"compared":[42,109,201],"with":[43,110,202],"other":[44],"algorithms.":[47],"widely":[50],"applicable":[53],"to":[54,62,149,177],"various":[55],"recognition":[56],"systems.":[57],"Since":[58],"it":[59,228,256],"necessary":[61],"un-balanced":[63],"trace":[64],"each":[66],"tree":[67],"requires":[69],"communication":[70],"all":[72],"the":[73,75,88,91,111,120,123,126,140,145,151,158,179,186,191,194,203,206,211,216,224,234,239,244,252,262],"ones,":[74],"not":[79],"suitable":[80],"in":[81,175],"SIMD":[82],"architectures":[83],"such":[84,96],"as":[85],"GPUs.":[86],"Although":[87],"accelerators":[89],"using":[90,125,154],"FPGA":[92,198,217,245],"have":[93],"been":[94],"proposed,":[95],"implementations":[97],"were":[98],"based":[99,113],"on":[100,157,193],"HDL":[101],"design.":[102],"Thus,":[103],"they":[104],"required":[105],"longer":[106],"design":[107],"time":[108],"soft-ware":[112],"realizations.":[114],"In":[115],"this":[116],"paper,":[117],"we":[118,143,161],"show":[119],"accelerator":[121],"Altera":[127],"SDK":[128],"OpenCL,":[130],"which":[131],"high-level":[136],"synthesis.":[137],"To":[138],"accelerate":[139],"classification,":[142],"propose":[144],"fully":[146],"pipelined":[147],"architecture":[148],"increase":[150,185],"memory":[152,187],"bandwidth":[153],"on-chip":[155],"memories":[156],"FPGA.":[159],"Also,":[160],"apply":[162],"appropriate":[163],"bit":[164,171],"fixed":[165],"point":[166,173],"representation":[167],"instead":[168],"32":[170],"floating":[172],"one":[174],"order":[176],"reduce":[178],"hardware":[180],"size,":[181],"power":[182,242],"consumption,":[183,243],"bandwidth.":[188],"We":[189],"implemented":[190],"Terasic":[195],"Corp.":[196],"DE5-NET":[197],"board,":[199],"CPU":[204,235,263],"GPU":[207,225,253],"implementations,":[208],"As":[209,237],"LPS":[212,240],"(lookups":[213],"per":[214,241],"second),":[215],"realization":[218,246],"was":[219,229,247,257],"10.7":[220],"times":[221,231,249,259],"faster":[222,232],"than":[223,233,251,261],"one,":[226,254],"14.0":[230],"one.":[236,264],"61.3":[248],"better":[250,260],"12.1":[258]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-17T18:11:37.981687","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}