{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2604515753","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fpt.2016.7929191","title":"An efficient implementation of online arithmetic","display_name":"An efficient implementation of online arithmetic","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2604515753","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fpt.2016.7929191","mag":"2604515753"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/fpt.2016.7929191","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fpt.2016.7929191","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 International Conference on Field-Programmable Technology (FPT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048483915","display_name":"Yiren Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2486-1491"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yiren Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002846450","display_name":"John Wickerson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6735-5533"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John Wickerson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029829952","display_name":"George A. Constantinides","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0201-310X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"George A. Constantinides","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5048483915"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.0908,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8894672,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"69","last_page":"76"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11697","display_name":"Numerical Methods and Algorithms","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11697","display_name":"Numerical Methods and Algorithms","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10363","display_name":"Low-power high-performance VLSI design","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11034","display_name":"Digital Filter Design and Implementation","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adder","display_name":"Adder","score":0.8294470310211182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7856807708740234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiplication","display_name":"Multiplication (music)","score":0.7415381669998169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/division","display_name":"Division (mathematics)","score":0.7090124487876892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/double-precision-floating-point-format","display_name":"Double-precision floating-point format","score":0.6320029497146606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.6044151186943054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arbitrary-precision-arithmetic","display_name":"Arbitrary-precision arithmetic","score":0.5921687483787537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.5725435018539429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.5416808724403381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/single-precision-floating-point-format","display_name":"Single-precision floating-point format","score":0.5355517864227295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/saturation-arithmetic","display_name":"Saturation arithmetic","score":0.5196617841720581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency","display_name":"Latency (audio)","score":0.49698784947395325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.4839382767677307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/floating-point","display_name":"Floating point","score":0.48105505108833313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fixed-point-arithmetic","display_name":"Fixed-point arithmetic","score":0.42745086550712585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.29003655910491943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.14867186546325684}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164620267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q376953","display_name":"Adder","level":3,"score":0.8294470310211182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7856807708740234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780595030","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3860309","display_name":"Multiplication (music)","level":2,"score":0.7415381669998169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60798267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1226939","display_name":"Division (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.7090124487876892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35912277","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1243369","display_name":"Double-precision floating-point format","level":3,"score":0.6320029497146606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.6044151186943054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83581934","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q527381","display_name":"Arbitrary-precision arithmetic","level":2,"score":0.5921687483787537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.5725435018539429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.5416808724403381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133095886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1307173","display_name":"Single-precision floating-point format","level":3,"score":0.5355517864227295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182775192","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q913725","display_name":"Saturation arithmetic","level":3,"score":0.5196617841720581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.49698784947395325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.4839382767677307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84211073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117879","display_name":"Floating point","level":2,"score":0.48105505108833313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163973906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q649900","display_name":"Fixed-point arithmetic","level":3,"score":0.42745086550712585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.29003655910491943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.14867186546325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/fpt.2016.7929191","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fpt.2016.7929191","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 International Conference on Field-Programmable Technology (FPT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:spiral.imperial.ac.uk:10044/1/42260","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/42260","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401396","display_name":"Spiral (Imperial College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","host_organization_name":"Imperial College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE International Conference on Field Programmable Technology (FPT)","raw_type":"Conference Paper"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5524266619","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/I020357/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320005","display_name":"Royal Academy of Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/0526snb40"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1853473721","https://openalex.org/W1926171971","https://openalex.org/W1967087435","https://openalex.org/W1973924525","https://openalex.org/W2001643125","https://openalex.org/W2010930350","https://openalex.org/W2057841079","https://openalex.org/W2088550007","https://openalex.org/W2133264311","https://openalex.org/W2138934691","https://openalex.org/W2164629630","https://openalex.org/W2169259948","https://openalex.org/W6643759862"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2116803521","https://openalex.org/W2773283032","https://openalex.org/W2087454352","https://openalex.org/W1559551218","https://openalex.org/W1564887326","https://openalex.org/W2551094850","https://openalex.org/W2073476805","https://openalex.org/W2363539709","https://openalex.org/W2159910647","https://openalex.org/W3215589575"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"propose":[1,110],"the":[2,45,58,150,164,183],"first":[3],"hardware":[4,140],"implementation":[5],"of":[6,50,139,152,173,179,185],"standard":[7],"arithmetic":[8],"operators":[9,90],"-":[10,15],"addition,":[11],"multiplication,":[12,42],"and":[13,41,54,80,100,125,188],"division":[14,101],"that":[16,39,120],"utilises":[17],"constant":[18],"compute":[19],"resource":[20],"but":[21],"allows":[22],"numerical":[23],"precision":[24,32,92,178],"to":[25,85,93,141,144,163],"be":[26,34,65,86,94],"adjusted":[27],"arbitrarily":[28],"at":[29,36,96,176],"run-time.":[30],"Traditionally,":[31],"must":[33],"set":[35],"design-time":[37,97],"so":[38],"addition":[40],"which":[43,56,76,113],"calculate":[44],"least":[46],"significant":[47,60],"digit":[48,61],"(LSD)":[49],"their":[51],"results":[52],"first,":[53,63],"division,":[55],"calculates":[57],"most":[59],"(MSD)":[62],"can":[64,134],"chained":[66],"together.":[67],"To":[68,106],"get":[69],"around":[70],"this,":[71,108],"we":[72,109,114,133,157],"employ":[73],"online":[74,89],"operators,":[75],"are":[77],"always":[78],"MSD-first,":[79],"thus":[81],"allow":[82],"successive":[83],"operations":[84],"pipelined.":[87],"Even":[88],"require":[91],"fixed":[95],"because":[98],"multiplication":[99],"traditionally":[102],"involve":[103],"parallel":[104],"adders.":[105],"avoid":[107],"an":[111,118,159],"architecture,":[112],"have":[115],"implemented":[116],"on":[117],"FPGA,":[119],"reuses":[121],"a":[122,136,177],"fixed-precision":[123],"adder":[124],"stores":[126],"residues":[127],"in":[128],"on-chip":[129,153],"RAM.":[130,154],"As":[131],"such,":[132],"use":[135],"single":[137],"piece":[138],"perform":[142],"calculations":[143],"any":[145],"precision,":[146],"limited":[147],"only":[148],"by":[149],"availability":[151],"For":[155],"instance,":[156],"obtain":[158],"8\u00d7":[160],"speed-up,":[161],"compared":[162],"parallel-in-serial-out":[165],"(PISO)":[166],"fixed-point":[167],"method,":[168],"when":[169],"executing":[170],"100":[171],"iterations":[172],"Newton's":[174],"method":[175],"64":[180],"digits,":[181],"while":[182],"product":[184],"circuit":[186],"area":[187],"latency":[189],"stays":[190],"comparable.":[191]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
