{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2018542777","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fpt.2014.7082775","title":"Parallel resampling for particle filters on FPGAs","display_name":"Parallel resampling for particle filters on FPGAs","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2018542777","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fpt.2014.7082775","mag":"2018542777"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/fpt.2014.7082775","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fpt.2014.7082775","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 International Conference on Field-Programmable Technology (FPT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101818400","display_name":"Shuanglong Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1513-1981"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuanglong Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK","Dept. of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055307487","display_name":"Grigorios Mingas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7880-2420"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Grigorios Mingas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK","Dept. of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041150785","display_name":"Christos-Savvas Bouganis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4906-4510"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christos-Savvas Bouganis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK","Dept. of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.1142,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":23,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89364651,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"191","last_page":"198"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10711","display_name":"Target Tracking and Data Fusion in Sensor Networks","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10711","display_name":"Target Tracking and Data Fusion in Sensor Networks","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11220","display_name":"Water Systems and Optimization","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12814","display_name":"Gaussian Processes and Bayesian Inference","score":0.9861999750137329,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resampling","display_name":"Resampling","score":0.8937543630599976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle-filter","display_name":"Particle filter","score":0.7507684230804443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7109182476997375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.6906065940856934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5571296215057373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/auxiliary-particle-filter","display_name":"Auxiliary particle filter","score":0.542857825756073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.5160898566246033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","score":0.4141591489315033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-science","display_name":"Computational science","score":0.34517964720726013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.3208824098110199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/filter","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","score":0.3196049928665161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.25410932302474976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.16527381539344788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.1345495581626892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.09114009141921997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ensemble-kalman-filter","display_name":"Ensemble Kalman filter","score":0.07713988423347473}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150921843","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1170431","display_name":"Resampling","level":2,"score":0.8937543630599976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52421305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1151499","display_name":"Particle filter","level":3,"score":0.7507684230804443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7109182476997375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.6906065940856934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5571296215057373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52483021","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4827310","display_name":"Auxiliary particle filter","level":5,"score":0.542857825756073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.5160898566246033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.4141591489315033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C459310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117801","display_name":"Computational science","level":1,"score":0.34517964720726013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.3208824098110199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.3196049928665161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.25410932302474976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.16527381539344788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.1345495581626892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09114009141921997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79334102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072268","display_name":"Ensemble Kalman filter","level":4,"score":0.07713988423347473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206833254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5421817","display_name":"Extended Kalman filter","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157286648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846780","display_name":"Kalman filter","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/fpt.2014.7082775","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fpt.2014.7082775","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 International Conference on Field-Programmable Technology (FPT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.46000000834465027,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W95577512","https://openalex.org/W1762731526","https://openalex.org/W1840623725","https://openalex.org/W1843803654","https://openalex.org/W1932940155","https://openalex.org/W1972619506","https://openalex.org/W1977212880","https://openalex.org/W1989251609","https://openalex.org/W2007118171","https://openalex.org/W2045227392","https://openalex.org/W2069739265","https://openalex.org/W2074104833","https://openalex.org/W2077611006","https://openalex.org/W2089657469","https://openalex.org/W2095175936","https://openalex.org/W2126574351","https://openalex.org/W2130363011","https://openalex.org/W2141585124","https://openalex.org/W2151439684","https://openalex.org/W2159901472","https://openalex.org/W2161061943","https://openalex.org/W2164204138","https://openalex.org/W4238691330","https://openalex.org/W6638054461","https://openalex.org/W6683923952"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3144709167","https://openalex.org/W1824810860","https://openalex.org/W2162253570","https://openalex.org/W2368144031","https://openalex.org/W2355962871","https://openalex.org/W2758742130","https://openalex.org/W2126226614","https://openalex.org/W2406829934","https://openalex.org/W2862160893","https://openalex.org/W2376126247"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Particle":[0],"filters":[1],"(PFs)":[2],"are":[3,132,146,173],"a":[4,19,26,36,128,149],"set":[5,20],"of":[6,21,34,38,65,81,139,156,177],"algorithms":[7,119],"that":[8,114],"implement":[9],"recursive":[10],"Bayesian":[11],"filtering,":[12],"which":[13],"represent":[14],"the":[15,45,52,63,78,82,137,140,161,170,175],"posterior":[16],"distribution":[17],"by":[18],"weighted":[22],"samples.":[23],"Resampling":[24],"is":[25,59,67,73],"fundamental":[27],"operation":[28],"in":[29,148,174],"PF":[30],"algorithms.":[31],"It":[32],"consists":[33],"taking":[35],"population":[37],"samples":[39,53,66],"and":[40,94,124],"reconstructing":[41],"it":[42,72],"based":[43],"on":[44,165],"weights":[46],"attached":[47],"to":[48,103,127,134,160],"each":[49],"sample,":[50],"favouring":[51],"with":[54,154],"large":[55,68],"weights.":[56],"However,":[57],"resampling":[58,118],"computationally":[60],"intensive":[61],"when":[62],"number":[64],"and,":[69],"most":[70],"importantly,":[71],"not":[74],"inherently":[75],"parallelizable":[76],"like":[77],"other":[79],"steps":[80],"particle":[83],"filter.":[84],"Parallel":[85],"computing":[86],"devices":[87],"such":[88],"as":[89],"Graphics":[90],"Processing":[91],"Units":[92],"(GPUs)":[93],"Field":[95],"Programmable":[96],"Gate":[97],"Arrays":[98],"(FPGAs)":[99],"have":[100],"been":[101],"proposed":[102,144],"accelerate":[104],"resampling.":[105],"In":[106],"this":[107],"paper,":[108],"we":[109],"propose":[110],"novel":[111],"parallel":[112],"architectures":[113,145],"map":[115],"four":[116],"state-of-the-art":[117,163],"(systematic,":[120],"residual":[121],"systematic,":[122],"Metropolis":[123],"Rejection":[125],"resampling)":[126],"FPGA.":[129],"FPGA-specific":[130],"optimisations":[131],"introduced":[133],"further":[135],"optimize":[136],"performance":[138],"above":[141],"systems.":[142],"The":[143],"implemented":[147],"Virtex-6":[150],"LX240T":[151],"FPGA":[152],"device":[153],"half-utilization":[155],"logic":[157],"resources.":[158],"Compared":[159],"respective":[162],"implementations":[164],"an":[166],"NVIDIA":[167],"K20":[168],"GPU,":[169],"achieved":[171],"speedups":[172],"range":[176],"1.7x-49x.":[178]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}