{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2069350499","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fpt.2013.6718347","title":"TROJANUS: An ultra-lightweight side-channel leakage generator for FPGAs","display_name":"TROJANUS: An ultra-lightweight side-channel leakage generator for FPGAs","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2069350499","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fpt.2013.6718347","mag":"2069350499"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/fpt.2013.6718347","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fpt.2013.6718347","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2013 International Conference on Field-Programmable Technology (FPT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://dr.ntu.edu.sg/bitstream/10356/99561/1/TROJANUS%20An%20ultra-lightweight%20side-channel%20leakage%20generator%20for%20FPGAs.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071309146","display_name":"Sebastian Kutzner","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sebastian Kutzner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","Temasek Labs., Nanyang Technol. Univ., Singapore, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Temasek Labs., Nanyang Technol. Univ., Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006373694","display_name":"Axel P\u00f6schmann","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Axel Poschmann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","Temasek Labs., Nanyang Technol. Univ., Singapore, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Temasek Labs., Nanyang Technol. Univ., Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108223735","display_name":"Marc St\u00f6ttinger","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7970-3945"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marc Stottinger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore, SG","Temasek Labs., Nanyang Technol. Univ., Singapore, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore, SG","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Temasek Labs., Nanyang Technol. Univ., Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2458,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80545471,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"160","last_page":"167"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.991100013256073,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.7096190452575684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/side-channel-attack","display_name":"Side channel attack","score":0.7008749842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6627041697502136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block-cipher","display_name":"Block cipher","score":0.5904226899147034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plaintext","display_name":"Plaintext","score":0.5811814665794373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.5618809461593628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leakage","display_name":"Leakage (economics)","score":0.5201176404953003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ciphertext","display_name":"Ciphertext","score":0.5177099704742432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trojan","display_name":"Trojan","score":0.4783327579498291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault-injection","display_name":"Fault injection","score":0.4762718379497528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.41809794306755066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.3831360936164856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.34272897243499756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.20849210023880005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.11300459504127502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.09191671013832092}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.7096190452575684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49289754","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2267081","display_name":"Side channel attack","level":3,"score":0.7008749842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6627041697502136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106544461","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q543151","display_name":"Block cipher","level":3,"score":0.5904226899147034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92717368","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1162538","display_name":"Plaintext","level":3,"score":0.5811814665794373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.5618809461593628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777042071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6509304","display_name":"Leakage (economics)","level":2,"score":0.5201176404953003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93974786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1589480","display_name":"Ciphertext","level":3,"score":0.5177099704742432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174333608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19635","display_name":"Trojan","level":2,"score":0.4783327579498291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775928411","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2041312","display_name":"Fault injection","level":3,"score":0.4762718379497528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.41809794306755066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.3831360936164856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.34272897243499756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.20849210023880005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.11300459504127502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.09191671013832092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/fpt.2013.6718347","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fpt.2013.6718347","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2013 International Conference on Field-Programmable Technology (FPT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dr.ntu.edu.sg:10356/99561","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10220/18866","pdf_url":"https://dr.ntu.edu.sg/bitstream/10356/99561/1/TROJANUS%20An%20ultra-lightweight%20side-channel%20leakage%20generator%20for%20FPGAs.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402609","display_name":"DR-NTU (Nanyang Technological University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","host_organization_name":"Nanyang Technological University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Conference Paper"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:dr.ntu.edu.sg:10356/99561","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10220/18866","pdf_url":"https://dr.ntu.edu.sg/bitstream/10356/99561/1/TROJANUS%20An%20ultra-lightweight%20side-channel%20leakage%20generator%20for%20FPGAs.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402609","display_name":"DR-NTU (Nanyang Technological University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","host_organization_name":"Nanyang Technological University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Conference Paper"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2069350499.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2069350499.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W83781150","https://openalex.org/W1500140210","https://openalex.org/W1506423869","https://openalex.org/W1562542037","https://openalex.org/W1598124977","https://openalex.org/W1607006990","https://openalex.org/W1763691640","https://openalex.org/W1873852107","https://openalex.org/W1894646615","https://openalex.org/W1965439936","https://openalex.org/W1998897310","https://openalex.org/W2010327273","https://openalex.org/W2014066342","https://openalex.org/W2050511014","https://openalex.org/W2060894526","https://openalex.org/W2114286085","https://openalex.org/W2117758617","https://openalex.org/W2127992996","https://openalex.org/W2128197017","https://openalex.org/W2128920308","https://openalex.org/W2131570398","https://openalex.org/W2137035418","https://openalex.org/W2144630005","https://openalex.org/W2145937629","https://openalex.org/W2150892302","https://openalex.org/W2150928734","https://openalex.org/W2154909745","https://openalex.org/W2161998562","https://openalex.org/W2171546918","https://openalex.org/W2251439738","https://openalex.org/W2586046457","https://openalex.org/W4231098049","https://openalex.org/W4234875403","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6603343484","https://openalex.org/W6680345469","https://openalex.org/W6682184091"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2997530193","https://openalex.org/W4310649982","https://openalex.org/W2942137924","https://openalex.org/W4236344152","https://openalex.org/W2011667854","https://openalex.org/W2802117553","https://openalex.org/W1589129854","https://openalex.org/W2939324531","https://openalex.org/W4294104609","https://openalex.org/W3042758862"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"article":[2],"we":[3,91],"present":[4,102],"a":[5,26,38,45,81,84,103],"new":[6,104],"side-channel":[7],"building":[8],"block":[9],"for":[10],"FPGAs,":[11],"which,":[12],"akin":[13],"to":[14,31,41],"the":[15,42,63,67,70,93,111],"old":[16],"Roman":[17],"god":[18],"of":[19,65,88,96,114],"Janus,":[20],"has":[21],"two":[22],"contradictory":[23],"faces:":[24],"as":[25,44,80],"watermarking":[27],"tool,":[28],"it":[29,49,79],"allows":[30],"uniquely":[32],"identify":[33],"IP":[34],"cores":[35],"by":[36,77],"adding":[37],"single":[39],"slice":[40],"design;":[43],"Trojan":[46],"Side-Channel":[47],"(TSC)":[48],"can":[50,108],"potentially":[51,109],"leak":[52],"an":[53],"entire":[54],"encryption":[55],"key":[56],"within":[57],"only":[58],"one":[59],"trace":[60],"and":[61,101],"without":[62],"knowledge":[64],"either":[66],"plaintext":[68],"or":[69],"ciphertext.":[71],"We":[72],"practically":[73],"verify":[74],"TROJANUS'":[75],"feasibility":[76],"embedding":[78],"TSC":[82],"into":[83],"lightweight":[85],"FPGA":[86],"implementation":[87],"PRESENT.":[89],"Besides,":[90],"investigate":[92],"leakage":[94],"behavior":[95],"FPGAs":[97],"in":[98],"more":[99],"detail":[100],"pre-processing":[105],"technique,":[106],"which":[107],"increase":[110],"correlation":[112],"coefficient":[113],"DPA":[115],"attacks.":[116]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-02T09:51:11.867554","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}