{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2031126058","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fpt.2012.6412134","title":"Design considerations of real-time adaptive beamformer for medical ultrasound research using FPGA and GPU","display_name":"Design considerations of real-time adaptive beamformer for medical ultrasound research using FPGA and GPU","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2031126058","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fpt.2012.6412134","mag":"2031126058"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/fpt.2012.6412134","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fpt.2012.6412134","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 International Conference on Field-Programmable Technology","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081011415","display_name":"Junying Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5614-9731"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junying Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong","Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079","https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043240366","display_name":"Alfred C. H. Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8604-0219"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177725633","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/00t33hh48","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alfred C. H. Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Medical Engineering Program, The University of Hong Kong","Medical Engineering Program, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical Engineering Program, The University of Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633","https://openalex.org/I889458895"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical Engineering Program, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633","https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020581824","display_name":"Hayden Kwok\u2010Hay So","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6514-0237"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hayden K.-H. So","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong","Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079","https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.1706,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93810143,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"198","last_page":"205"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10727","display_name":"Ultrasound Imaging and Elastography","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10727","display_name":"Ultrasound Imaging and Elastography","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10662","display_name":"Ultrasonics and Acoustic Wave Propagation","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.838653564453125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6908326745033264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptive-beamformer","display_name":"Adaptive beamformer","score":0.46580225229263306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-ultrasound","display_name":"Medical ultrasound","score":0.4197963774204254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.39906609058380127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ultrasound","display_name":"Ultrasound","score":0.39667627215385437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-architecture","display_name":"Computer architecture","score":0.33583971858024597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.175381600856781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.10445049405097961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.08189073204994202}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.838653564453125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6908326745033264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33378366","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4680719","display_name":"Adaptive beamformer","level":3,"score":0.46580225229263306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992165143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q234904","display_name":"Medical ultrasound","level":3,"score":0.4197963774204254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.39906609058380127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143753070","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162564","display_name":"Ultrasound","level":2,"score":0.39667627215385437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.33583971858024597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.175381600856781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.10445049405097961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.08189073204994202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/fpt.2012.6412134","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fpt.2012.6412134","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 International Conference on Field-Programmable Technology","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.980.5911","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.980.5911","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://hub.hku.hk/bitstream/10722/189830/1/Content.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:hub.hku.hk:10722/189830","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10722/189830","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196271","display_name":"The HKU Scholars Hub (University of Hong Kong)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","host_organization_name":"University of Hong Kong","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference_Paper"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4699999988079071,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326427","display_name":"Innovation and Technology Fund","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W598735987","https://openalex.org/W1667165204","https://openalex.org/W1981745143","https://openalex.org/W1998000041","https://openalex.org/W2001380456","https://openalex.org/W2081359092","https://openalex.org/W2120579230","https://openalex.org/W2123908547","https://openalex.org/W2125564390","https://openalex.org/W2158931080","https://openalex.org/W2166343165","https://openalex.org/W2167589082","https://openalex.org/W2184639418","https://openalex.org/W2260378502","https://openalex.org/W2475682732","https://openalex.org/W2494939947","https://openalex.org/W3147528989","https://openalex.org/W4301253858","https://openalex.org/W7052939712"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2002703587","https://openalex.org/W2980006224","https://openalex.org/W2063534976","https://openalex.org/W2284838239","https://openalex.org/W2616418345","https://openalex.org/W3166559827","https://openalex.org/W2320205417","https://openalex.org/W2809345078","https://openalex.org/W3010492628","https://openalex.org/W3045326193"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Adaptive":[0],"beamforming":[1,35,93],"has":[2,97],"been":[3,98],"well":[4],"considered":[5],"as":[6],"a":[7,46,71],"potential":[8],"solution":[9,49,73,167],"for":[10,64,89],"improving":[11],"the":[12,20,31,55,62,83,152,165,172],"imaging":[13,29],"quality":[14],"of":[15,33,58,85,107,118,123],"medical":[16],"ultrasound":[17],"systems.":[18],"Despite":[19],"promised":[21],"improvement":[22,143],"in":[23,105,170],"lateral":[24],"resolution,":[25],"image":[26,110,182],"contrast":[27],"and":[28,77,87,109,112,121,131,140],"penetration,":[30],"use":[32,84],"adaptive":[34,92],"is":[36,75,168],"substantially":[37],"more":[38],"computationally":[39],"demanding":[40],"than":[41,161],"conventional":[42],"delay-and-sum":[43],"beamformers.":[44],"While":[45,151],"dedicated":[47],"hardware":[48],"may":[50],"be":[51],"able":[52],"to":[53,116,146,176],"address":[54],"computational":[56],"demand":[57],"one":[59],"particular":[60],"design,":[61],"need":[63],"an":[65,178],"efficient":[66],"algorithm":[67],"exploration":[68],"framework":[69],"demands":[70],"platform":[72,96,157],"that":[74,81],"high-performance":[76],"easily":[78],"reprogrammable.":[79],"To":[80],"end,":[82],"FPGA":[86,163,166],"GPU":[88,156],"implementing":[90],"real-time":[91,135,180],"on":[94,155],"such":[95],"explored.":[99],"The":[100],"results":[101],"are":[102],"evaluated":[103],"quantitatively":[104],"terms":[106],"performance":[108],"quality,":[111],"qualitatively":[113],"with":[114],"respect":[115],"ease":[117,122],"system":[119],"integration":[120],"use.":[124],"In":[125],"our":[126,147],"test":[127],"cases,":[128],"both":[129],"FPGA-":[130],"GPU-based":[132],"solutions":[133],"achieved":[134],"throughput":[136],"exceeding":[137],"80":[138],"frames-per-second,":[139],"over":[141],"38x":[142],"when":[144],"compared":[145],"baseline":[148],"CPU":[149],"implementation.":[150],"development":[153],"time":[154],"remains":[158],"much":[159],"lower":[160],"its":[162],"counterpart,":[164],"effective":[169],"providing":[171],"necessary":[173],"I/O":[174],"bandwidth":[175],"enable":[177],"end-to-end":[179],"reconfigurable":[181],"formation":[183],"system.":[184]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}