{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1581038822","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fpt.2002.1188680","title":"Gigahertz SiGe BiCMOS FPGAs with new architectures and novel power management schemes","display_name":"Gigahertz SiGe BiCMOS FPGAs with new architectures and novel power management schemes","publication_year":2002,"publication_date":"2002-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1581038822","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fpt.2002.1188680","mag":"1581038822"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/fpt.2002.1188680","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fpt.2002.1188680","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2002 IEEE International Conference on Field-Programmable Technology, 2002. (FPT). Proceedings.","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101586938","display_name":"Kun Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2642-2899"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165799507","display_name":"Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01rtyzb94","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165799507"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"K. Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rensselaer Polytech. Inst., Troy, NY, USA","Rensselaer, Polytech. Inst., Troy, NY, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rensselaer Polytech. Inst., Troy, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165799507"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rensselaer, Polytech. Inst., Troy, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165799507"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010972534","display_name":"Channakeshav","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165799507","display_name":"Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01rtyzb94","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165799507"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Channakeshav","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rensselaer Polytech. Inst., Troy, NY, USA","Rensselaer, Polytech. Inst., Troy, NY, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rensselaer Polytech. Inst., Troy, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165799507"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rensselaer, Polytech. Inst., Troy, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165799507"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109874668","display_name":"M. Chu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165799507","display_name":"Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01rtyzb94","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165799507"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Chu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rensselaer Polytech. Inst., Troy, NY, USA","Rensselaer, Polytech. Inst., Troy, NY, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rensselaer Polytech. Inst., Troy, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165799507"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rensselaer, Polytech. Inst., Troy, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165799507"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101630788","display_name":"Jiuchuan Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8334-2281"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165799507","display_name":"Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01rtyzb94","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165799507"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J.-R. Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rensselaer Polytech. Inst., Troy, NY, USA","Rensselaer, Polytech. Inst., Troy, NY, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rensselaer Polytech. Inst., Troy, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165799507"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rensselaer, Polytech. Inst., Troy, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165799507"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010463448","display_name":"Senting Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165799507","display_name":"Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01rtyzb94","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165799507"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S.-C. Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rensselaer Polytech. Inst., Troy, NY, USA","Rensselaer, Polytech. Inst., Troy, NY, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rensselaer Polytech. Inst., Troy, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165799507"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rensselaer, Polytech. Inst., Troy, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165799507"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113886333","display_name":"R.P. Kraft","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165799507","display_name":"Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01rtyzb94","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165799507"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R.P. Kraft","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rensselaer Polytech. Inst., Troy, NY, USA","Rensselaer, Polytech. Inst., Troy, NY, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rensselaer Polytech. Inst., Troy, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165799507"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rensselaer, Polytech. Inst., Troy, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165799507"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002157563","display_name":"Chaoqun You","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4529-077X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165799507","display_name":"Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01rtyzb94","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165799507"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. You","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rensselaer Polytech. Inst., Troy, NY, USA","Rensselaer, Polytech. Inst., Troy, NY, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rensselaer Polytech. Inst., Troy, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165799507"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rensselaer, Polytech. Inst., Troy, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165799507"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038903084","display_name":"J. F. McDonald","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1058-6845"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165799507","display_name":"Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01rtyzb94","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165799507"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J.F. McDonald","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rensselaer Polytech. Inst., Troy, NY, USA","Rensselaer, Polytech. Inst., Troy, NY, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rensselaer Polytech. Inst., Troy, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165799507"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rensselaer, Polytech. Inst., Troy, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165799507"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101586938"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165799507"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6789,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.66462736,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"182","last_page":"188"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10558","display_name":"Advancements in Semiconductor Devices and Circuit Design","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10363","display_name":"Low-power high-performance VLSI design","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.8453631401062012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bicmos","display_name":"BiCMOS","score":0.7738003134727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heterojunction-bipolar-transistor","display_name":"Heterojunction bipolar transistor","score":0.6378434300422668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/logic-block","display_name":"Logic block","score":0.6169833540916443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.5628721117973328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5555915832519531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.4609636962413788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","score":0.45442819595336914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.436189740896225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.38332539796829224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transistor","display_name":"Transistor","score":0.3732302188873291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3688596189022064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3087446093559265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bipolar-junction-transistor","display_name":"Bipolar junction transistor","score":0.16035664081573486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.10727214813232422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.09747695922851562}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.8453631401062012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62427370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173416","display_name":"BiCMOS","level":4,"score":0.7738003134727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173408217","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1428898","display_name":"Heterojunction bipolar transistor","level":5,"score":0.6378434300422668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778325283","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1125244","display_name":"Logic block","level":3,"score":0.6169833540916443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.5628721117973328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5555915832519531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4609636962413788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777210771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927124","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","level":2,"score":0.45442819595336914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.436189740896225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.38332539796829224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172385210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5339","display_name":"Transistor","level":3,"score":0.3732302188873291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3688596189022064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3087446093559265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23061349","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188946","display_name":"Bipolar junction transistor","level":4,"score":0.16035664081573486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.10727214813232422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.09747695922851562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/fpt.2002.1188680","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fpt.2002.1188680","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2002 IEEE International Conference on Field-Programmable Technology, 2002. (FPT). Proceedings.","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8299999833106995,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1575328458","https://openalex.org/W1603444000","https://openalex.org/W2113829589","https://openalex.org/W2116463574","https://openalex.org/W2117807923","https://openalex.org/W2126255765","https://openalex.org/W2138223238","https://openalex.org/W2154088551","https://openalex.org/W2171916916","https://openalex.org/W3143002681"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1492027935","https://openalex.org/W2140183546","https://openalex.org/W1544173589","https://openalex.org/W2537721720","https://openalex.org/W1586292687","https://openalex.org/W4387933462","https://openalex.org/W2136081556","https://openalex.org/W2430182438","https://openalex.org/W2140681148","https://openalex.org/W2168341847"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,39,129,169,193],"demand":[1],"for":[2,54],"high":[3],"speed":[4,61,104,179],"Field":[5],"Programmable":[6],"Gate":[7],"Arrays":[8],"(FPGAs)":[9],"has":[10,50,135],"been":[11,136],"on":[12,112],"a":[13,60,84,148],"rise.":[14],"These":[15],"were":[16,26],"never":[17],"possible":[18],"using":[19,37,72,138],"CMOS":[20],"as":[21],"the":[22,32,52,103,107,113,116,124,157,175,184,190],"basic":[23],"device.":[24],"People":[25],"able":[27],"to":[28,79,101,159,198],"achieve":[29],"frequencies":[30],"in":[31,77,91,174,183],"range":[33],"of":[34,41,62,115],"70-250":[35],"MHz":[36],"CMOS.":[38],"availability":[40],"Silicon":[42],"Germanium":[43],"(SiGe)":[44],"Heterojunction":[45],"Bipolar":[46],"Transistor":[47],"(HBT)":[48],"devices":[49],"opened":[51],"door":[53],"Gigahertz":[55],"FPGAs.":[56,128],"An":[57],"FPGA":[58,119,158,171],"with":[59],"over":[63,123],"5":[64],"GHz":[65],"was":[66],"reported":[67],"by":[68],"B.S.":[69],"Goda":[70],"(2000)":[71],"SiGe":[73,118,127],"5HP":[74],"technology.":[75],"However":[76],"order":[78],"scale":[80],"up":[81,197],"FPGAs":[82],"significantly,":[83],"serious":[85],"power":[86,150,188],"management":[87,151],"scheme":[88,152],"must":[89],"be":[90,99],"place.":[92],"Apart":[93,145],"from":[94,146],"this,":[95],"architectural":[96],"changes":[97],"can":[98,172,195],"made":[100],"improve":[102],"and":[105,120,167],"reduce":[106],"power.":[108],"This":[109],"paper":[110],"elaborates":[111],"architecture":[114],"new":[117,170],"its":[121],"advantages":[122],"previous":[125],"generation":[126],"entire":[130],"Configuration":[131],"Logic":[132,142],"Block":[133],"(CLB)":[134],"implemented":[137,154],"seven":[139],"Current":[140],"Mode":[141],"(CML)":[143],"trees.":[144],"these,":[147],"novel":[149],"is":[153,180,189],"which":[155],"allows":[156],"operate":[160],"at":[161],"multiple":[162],"modes:":[163],"fast,":[164],"non-critical,":[165],"slow":[166,185],"off.":[168],"run":[173,196],"fast":[176],"mode":[177,186],"when":[178,187],"critical":[181],"or":[182],"limiting":[191],"issue.":[192],"CLB":[194],"5.96":[199],"GHz.":[200]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}