{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1979072742","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fpl.2012.6339227","title":"Acceleration of distance-to-default with hardware-software co-design","display_name":"Acceleration of distance-to-default with hardware-software co-design","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1979072742","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fpl.2012.6339227","mag":"1979072742"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/fpl.2012.6339227","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fpl.2012.6339227","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"22nd International Conference on Field Programmable Logic and Applications (FPL)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073029164","display_name":"Izaan Allugundu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Izaan Allugundu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering National University of Singapore, Singapore","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering; National University of Singapore; Singapore 117583"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering National University of Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering; National University of Singapore; Singapore 117583","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081003761","display_name":"Pranay Puranik","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pranay Puranik","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering National University of Singapore, Singapore","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering; National University of Singapore; Singapore 117583"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering National University of Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering; National University of Singapore; Singapore 117583","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062152154","display_name":"Yat Piu Lo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yat Piu Lo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering National University of Singapore, Singapore","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering; National University of Singapore; Singapore 117583"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering National University of Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering; National University of Singapore; Singapore 117583","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100755285","display_name":"Akash Kumar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7125-1737"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Akash Kumar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering National University of Singapore, Singapore","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering; National University of Singapore; Singapore 117583"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering National University of Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering; National University of Singapore; Singapore 117583","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5073029164"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0108,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75429913,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"338","last_page":"344"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11697","display_name":"Numerical Methods and Algorithms","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11697","display_name":"Numerical Methods and Algorithms","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10363","display_name":"Low-power high-performance VLSI design","score":0.9940000176429749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7873483300209045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.7540345191955566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.5369853973388672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.48069554567337036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hardware-acceleration","display_name":"Hardware acceleration","score":0.46754589676856995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leverage","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","score":0.46182993054389954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-to-market","display_name":"Time to market","score":0.4111769199371338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.3299529552459717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.12978601455688477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.11916357278823853}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7873483300209045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.7540345191955566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.5369853973388672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.48069554567337036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13164978","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q600158","display_name":"Hardware acceleration","level":3,"score":0.46754589676856995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.46182993054389954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779229675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q445235","display_name":"Time to market","level":2,"score":0.4111769199371338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.3299529552459717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.12978601455688477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.11916357278823853}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/fpl.2012.6339227","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fpl.2012.6339227","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"22nd International Conference on Field Programmable Logic and Applications (FPL)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarbank.nus.edu.sg:10635/69138","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://scholarbank.nus.edu.sg/handle/10635/69138","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407052290","display_name":"National University of Singapore","issn_l":null,"issn":[],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Scopus","raw_type":"Conference Paper"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2076997646","https://openalex.org/W2115110734","https://openalex.org/W2120527484","https://openalex.org/W2124150072","https://openalex.org/W2126075236","https://openalex.org/W2137690490","https://openalex.org/W2171927842","https://openalex.org/W6680480595"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2111241003","https://openalex.org/W2355315220","https://openalex.org/W4200391368","https://openalex.org/W2210979487","https://openalex.org/W2518118925","https://openalex.org/W2109907925","https://openalex.org/W3159273459","https://openalex.org/W4247963789","https://openalex.org/W3152699334","https://openalex.org/W2051573100"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,74,110,215],"role":[1],"of":[2,24,61,72,78,91,108,140,178,185,202,211,258],"Credit":[3],"Rating":[4],"Agencies":[5],"has":[6],"come":[7],"under":[8],"intense":[9],"scrutiny":[10],"in":[11,32,65,143,217,249,255],"the":[12,22,33,36,51,56,62,70,76,86,89,92,106,148,152,172,175,183,212,229,256,259,264],"recent":[13],"past":[14],"due":[15],"to":[16,19,99,132,150,171,270],"their":[17],"failure":[18],"accurately":[20],"rate":[21],"issuers":[23],"debt":[25],"obligations":[26],"and":[27,35,47,104,136,157,166,188,206,228,252,263],"instruments.":[28],"With":[29],"growing":[30],"uncertainty":[31],"markets":[34],"need":[37],"for":[38,82,120],"accurate":[39],"results,":[40],"credit":[41,66],"rating":[42],"algorithms":[43,146],"are":[44],"getting":[45],"more":[46,48,134],"complex":[49,187],"by":[50,163,244],"day.":[52],"Distance-to-default":[53],"(DTD),":[54],"or":[55],"leverage":[57],"indicator,":[58],"is":[59,88,118,220,235],"one":[60],"key":[63],"indicators":[64],"research":[67],"that":[68,117,199],"determines":[69],"probabilities-of-default":[71],"firms.":[73],"greater":[75],"amount":[77],"historic":[79],"data":[80],"available":[81],"a":[83,100,114,123,133,203,209,224,238,250,271,276],"given":[84],"firm,":[85],"higher":[87,101],"accuracy":[90],"DTD":[93,111,213],"results.":[94],"However,":[95],"this":[96,195],"directly":[97],"translates":[98],"processing":[102],"time":[103],"increases":[105],"costs":[107],"computation.":[109],"computation":[112,257],"features":[113],"linear":[115],"workflow":[116],"suited":[119],"implementation":[121,180,274],"on":[122,223,237,275],"Field":[124],"Programmable":[125],"Gate":[126],"Array":[127],"(FPGA)":[128],"which":[129,234],"could":[130],"lead":[131],"efficient":[135],"low-cost":[137],"solution.":[138],"Application":[139],"embedded":[141],"platforms":[142],"implementing":[144],"such":[145,186],"have":[147],"potential":[149],"reduce":[151],"power":[153],"consumption":[154],"through":[155],"parallelism":[156],"utilise":[158],"an":[159,191],"optimised":[160],"solution":[161],"offered":[162],"reconfigurable":[164],"logic":[165],"customized":[167],"hardware.":[168],"In":[169,194],"addition":[170],"hardware":[173,245],"solution,":[174],"right":[176],"balance":[177],"software":[179,216,273],"can":[181],"give":[182],"performance":[184],"intensive":[189],"processes,":[190],"added":[192],"boost.":[193],"paper,":[196],"we":[197],"explore":[198],"very":[200],"prospect":[201],"hardware-software":[204],"co-design":[205],"suitably":[207],"implement":[208],"prototype":[210],"algorithm.":[214],"our":[218],"design":[219],"partly":[221],"run":[222],"2.9GHz":[225,277],"Intel":[226,278],"processor":[227,232],"FPGA":[230],"soft-core":[231],"(Microblaze)":[233],"implemented":[236],"Xilinx":[239],"Virtex-6":[240],"ML605":[241],"FPGA,":[242],"accelerated":[243],"coprocessors.":[246],"This":[247],"resulted":[248],"16.6\u00d7":[251],"317.17\u00d7":[253],"speedup":[254],"implied":[260],"asset":[261],"value":[262],"log-likelihood":[265],"function":[266],"respectively":[267],"as":[268],"compared":[269],"pure":[272],"processor.":[279]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}