{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2170663082","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fpl.2008.4629920","title":"High-speed regular expression matching engine using multi-character NFA","display_name":"High-speed regular expression matching engine using multi-character NFA","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2170663082","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fpl.2008.4629920","mag":"2170663082"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/fpl.2008.4629920","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fpl.2008.4629920","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2008 International Conference on Field Programmable Logic and Applications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088638124","display_name":"Yamagaki Norio","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210146082","display_name":"Sify Technologies (India)","ror":"https://ror.org/03r8r2789","country_code":"IN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210146082"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Norio Yamagaki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Applied Research Group, Satyam Computer Services Limited, Bangalore, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Applied Research Group, Satyam Computer Services Limited, Bangalore, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210146082"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055258232","display_name":"Reetinder Sidhu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118347220","display_name":"NEC (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/04jndar25","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118347220"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Reetinder Sidhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["System IP Core Research Laboratories, NEC Corporation Limited, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"System IP Core Research Laboratories, NEC Corporation Limited, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118347220"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088841964","display_name":"Satoshi Kamiya","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118347220","display_name":"NEC (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/04jndar25","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118347220"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Satoshi Kamiya","raw_affiliation_strings":["System IP Core Research Laboratories, NEC Corporation Limited, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"System IP Core Research Laboratories, NEC Corporation Limited, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118347220"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5088638124"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210146082"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.2788,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":67,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97538174,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"131","last_page":"136"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12326","display_name":"Network Packet Processing and Optimization","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12326","display_name":"Network Packet Processing and Optimization","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10911","display_name":"Chemical Synthesis and Analysis","score":0.9710999727249146,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11269","display_name":"Algorithms and Data Compression","score":0.9519000053405762,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regular-expression","display_name":"Regular expression","score":0.8797183036804199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.818316638469696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput","display_name":"Throughput","score":0.7086684107780457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.677117109298706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/character","display_name":"Character (mathematics)","score":0.6661984920501709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automaton","display_name":"Automaton","score":0.5678436756134033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matching","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","score":0.5649469494819641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5223375558853149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.5150942206382751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5058998465538025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-matching","display_name":"Pattern matching","score":0.4980289936065674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finite-state-machine","display_name":"Finite-state machine","score":0.44835832715034485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/expression","display_name":"Expression (computer science)","score":0.4415864646434784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.41270512342453003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3766690492630005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.32269418239593506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.2839052677154541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.19588744640350342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.15074163675308228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1086721420288086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.06861606240272522}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121329065","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185612","display_name":"Regular expression","level":2,"score":0.8797183036804199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.818316638469696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.7086684107780457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.677117109298706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780861071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062934","display_name":"Character (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.6661984920501709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112505250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q787116","display_name":"Automaton","level":2,"score":0.5678436756134033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.5649469494819641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5223375558853149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.5150942206382751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5058998465538025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68859911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1503724","display_name":"Pattern matching","level":2,"score":0.4980289936065674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167822520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176452","display_name":"Finite-state machine","level":2,"score":0.44835832715034485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90559484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q778379","display_name":"Expression (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.4415864646434784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.41270512342453003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3766690492630005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.32269418239593506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.2839052677154541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.19588744640350342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.15074163675308228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1086721420288086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.06861606240272522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/fpl.2008.4629920","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fpl.2008.4629920","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2008 International Conference on Field Programmable Logic and Applications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W50599218","https://openalex.org/W1537171966","https://openalex.org/W1707172707","https://openalex.org/W1911613893","https://openalex.org/W1960511147","https://openalex.org/W2003250112","https://openalex.org/W2099831003","https://openalex.org/W2566220502","https://openalex.org/W6637452973"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2914607376","https://openalex.org/W2146605784","https://openalex.org/W2508541108","https://openalex.org/W4242459863","https://openalex.org/W1774017438","https://openalex.org/W1480528870","https://openalex.org/W127357700","https://openalex.org/W2123199373","https://openalex.org/W4246925412","https://openalex.org/W4243191745"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"An":[0,51],"approach":[1],"is":[2,33,54,73,115],"presented":[3],"for":[4,37,134],"high":[5],"throughput":[6,147,156],"matching":[7],"of":[8,65,129,137,148,157],"regular":[9],"expressions":[10],"(regexes)":[11],"by":[12],"first":[13],"converting":[14],"them":[15],"into":[16,97],"corresponding":[17],"Non-deterministic":[18],"Finite":[19],"Automata":[20],"(NFAs)":[21],"which":[22,60,107],"are":[23,108],"then":[24,109],"configured":[25],"onto":[26,111],"a":[27,34,101,112,135,146,155],"FPGA.":[28,113],"The":[29,123],"key":[30],"novel":[31],"feature":[32],"technique":[35,72],"that,":[36],"any":[38],"given":[39],"regex,":[40],"constructs":[41],"an":[42,58],"NFA":[43,59,144,153],"that":[44,56,76,90],"processes":[45,61],"multiple":[46],"characters":[47,66],"per":[48],"clock":[49],"cycle.":[50],"efficient":[52],"algorithm":[53],"proposed":[55,75],"outputs":[57],"twice":[62],"the":[63,68,78,126,130,141],"number":[64],"as":[67],"input":[69],"one.":[70],"A":[71,85],"also":[74],"implements":[77,91],"range":[79],"match":[80],"operation":[81],"(e.g.":[82],"[a\u2013z])":[83],"efficiently.":[84],"program":[86],"has":[87],"been":[88],"written":[89],"above":[92],"ideas":[93],"to":[94],"convert":[95],"regexes":[96,120],"NFAs":[98],"specified":[99],"in":[100],"structural":[102],"Hardware":[103],"Design":[104],"Language":[105],"(HDL),":[106],"mapped":[110],"Performance":[114],"evaluated":[116],"using":[117],"real":[118],"world":[119],"(Snort":[121],"ruleset).":[122],"results":[124],"demonstrate":[125],"practical":[127],"utility":[128],"approach.":[131],"For":[132],"example,":[133],"set":[136],"2,691":[138],"regexes,":[139],"while":[140,160],"standard":[142],"1-character":[143],"obtains":[145],"1.25":[149],"Gbps,":[150,159],"our":[151],"4-character":[152],"achieves":[154],"3.63":[158],"requiring":[161],"only":[162],"20%":[163],"more":[164],"LUTs":[165],"and":[166],"6%":[167],"less":[168],"flip-flops.":[169]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}