{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2124874986","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fpl.2007.4380646","title":"Physical Unclonable Functions and Public-Key Crypto for FPGA IP Protection","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions and Public-Key Crypto for FPGA IP Protection","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2124874986","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fpl.2007.4380646","mag":"2124874986"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/fpl.2007.4380646","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fpl.2007.4380646","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2007 International Conference on Field Programmable Logic and Applications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108528268","display_name":"Jorge Guajardo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2478-7691"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1329325741","display_name":"Philips (Finland)","ror":"https://ror.org/01g4jev56","country_code":"FI","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1329325741","https://openalex.org/I4210122849"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122849","display_name":"Philips (Netherlands)","ror":"https://ror.org/02p2bgp27","country_code":"NL","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122849"]}],"countries":["FI","NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jorge Guajardo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Philips Research Laboratories, Eindhoven, Netherlands","Philips Research Laboratories, Eindhoven,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Philips Research Laboratories, Eindhoven, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122849"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Philips Research Laboratories, Eindhoven,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1329325741"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090167516","display_name":"Sandeep Kumar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5464-929X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1329325741","display_name":"Philips (Finland)","ror":"https://ror.org/01g4jev56","country_code":"FI","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1329325741","https://openalex.org/I4210122849"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122849","display_name":"Philips (Netherlands)","ror":"https://ror.org/02p2bgp27","country_code":"NL","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122849"]}],"countries":["FI","NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sandeep S. Kumar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Philips Research Laboratories, Eindhoven, Netherlands","Philips Research Laboratories, Eindhoven,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Philips Research Laboratories, Eindhoven, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122849"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Philips Research Laboratories, Eindhoven,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1329325741"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050768584","display_name":"Geert-Jan Schrijen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3492-2655"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1329325741","display_name":"Philips (Finland)","ror":"https://ror.org/01g4jev56","country_code":"FI","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1329325741","https://openalex.org/I4210122849"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122849","display_name":"Philips (Netherlands)","ror":"https://ror.org/02p2bgp27","country_code":"NL","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122849"]}],"countries":["FI","NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Geert-Jan Schrijen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Philips Research Laboratories, Eindhoven, Netherlands","Philips Research Laboratories, Eindhoven,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Philips Research Laboratories, Eindhoven, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122849"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Philips Research Laboratories, Eindhoven,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1329325741"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029883274","display_name":"Pim Tuyls","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1329325741","display_name":"Philips (Finland)","ror":"https://ror.org/01g4jev56","country_code":"FI","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1329325741","https://openalex.org/I4210122849"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122849","display_name":"Philips (Netherlands)","ror":"https://ror.org/02p2bgp27","country_code":"NL","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122849"]}],"countries":["FI","NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pim Tuyls","raw_affiliation_strings":["Philips Research Laboratories, Eindhoven, Netherlands","Philips Research Laboratories, Eindhoven,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Philips Research Laboratories, Eindhoven, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122849"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Philips Research Laboratories, Eindhoven,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1329325741"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":209,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"189","last_page":"195"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14117","display_name":"Integrated Circuits and Semiconductor Failure Analysis","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.9761999845504761,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-unclonable-function","display_name":"Physical unclonable function","score":0.8638532757759094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.8488849401473999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bitstream","display_name":"Bitstream","score":0.7296898365020752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6921638250350952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.6404560208320618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.6376574635505676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.6181449294090271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-key-cryptography","display_name":"Public-key cryptography","score":0.5823172926902771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.5743725895881653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/static-random-access-memory","display_name":"Static random-access memory","score":0.501488208770752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hardware-security-module","display_name":"Hardware security module","score":0.455658882856369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.35698676109313965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3370705544948578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.11327823996543884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.0669299066066742}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8643368","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4046262","display_name":"Physical unclonable function","level":3,"score":0.8638532757759094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.8488849401473999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136695289","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q415568","display_name":"Bitstream","level":3,"score":0.7296898365020752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6921638250350952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.6404560208320618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.6376574635505676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.6181449294090271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203062551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201339","display_name":"Public-key cryptography","level":3,"score":0.5823172926902771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.5743725895881653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68043766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267416","display_name":"Static random-access memory","level":2,"score":0.501488208770752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39217717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1432354","display_name":"Hardware security module","level":3,"score":0.455658882856369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.35698676109313965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3370705544948578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.11327823996543884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0669299066066742}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/fpl.2007.4380646","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fpl.2007.4380646","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2007 International Conference on Field Programmable Logic and Applications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1511186238","https://openalex.org/W1539042579","https://openalex.org/W1589130434","https://openalex.org/W1600401946","https://openalex.org/W1606443045","https://openalex.org/W1755042603","https://openalex.org/W1809369763","https://openalex.org/W1947125001","https://openalex.org/W1963105592","https://openalex.org/W1986199670","https://openalex.org/W2000171858","https://openalex.org/W2052207834","https://openalex.org/W2109381072","https://openalex.org/W2123482651","https://openalex.org/W2130351941","https://openalex.org/W2135386651","https://openalex.org/W2159176173","https://openalex.org/W2165368874","https://openalex.org/W2169212403","https://openalex.org/W2172255798","https://openalex.org/W2570008916","https://openalex.org/W3104073697","https://openalex.org/W4256560469","https://openalex.org/W6638086538","https://openalex.org/W6685532747"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2775062502","https://openalex.org/W4292862360","https://openalex.org/W2302863414","https://openalex.org/W3083074270","https://openalex.org/W2896245892","https://openalex.org/W2910831494","https://openalex.org/W2325849214","https://openalex.org/W3201860997","https://openalex.org/W2367771963","https://openalex.org/W4280529582"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,41],"recent":[1],"years,":[2],"IP":[3,15,50],"protection":[4,51],"of":[5,28,36,65,84,115],"FPGA":[6,100],"hardware":[7,117],"designs":[8],"has":[9],"become":[10],"a":[11,71],"requirement":[12],"for":[13,48],"many":[14],"vendors.":[16],"To":[17],"this":[18,42],"end":[19],"solutions":[20],"have":[21],"been":[22],"proposed":[23],"based":[24,55,77],"on":[25,53,56,78],"the":[26,34,49,61,94,99,103,113],"idea":[27],"bitstream":[29],"encryption,":[30],"symmetric-key":[31],"primitives,":[32],"and":[33,63,69],"use":[35],"Physical":[37],"Unclonable":[38],"Functions":[39],"(PUFs).":[40],"paper,":[43],"we":[44],"propose":[45],"new":[46],"protocols":[47,87],"problem":[52],"FPGAs":[54,76],"public-key":[57],"(PK)":[58],"cryptography,":[59],"analyze":[60],"advantages":[62],"costs":[64],"such":[66],"an":[67],"approach,":[68],"describe":[70],"PUF":[72],"intrinsic":[73],"to":[74,101],"current":[75],"SRAM":[79],"properties.":[80],"A":[81],"major":[82],"advantage":[83],"using":[85],"PK-based":[86],"is":[88],"that":[89],"they":[90],"do":[91],"not":[92,122],"require":[93],"private":[95],"key":[96],"stored":[97],"in":[98],"leave":[102],"device,":[104],"thus":[105],"increasing":[106],"security.":[107],"This":[108],"added":[109],"security":[110],"comes":[111],"at":[112],"cost":[114],"additional":[116],"resources":[118],"but":[119],"it":[120],"does":[121],"cause":[123],"significant":[124],"performance":[125],"degradation.":[126]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}