{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4390098323","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/focs57990.2023.00050","title":"IOPs with Inverse Polynomial Soundness Error","display_name":"IOPs with Inverse Polynomial Soundness Error","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-11-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4390098323","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/focs57990.2023.00050"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/focs57990.2023.00050","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/focs57990.2023.00050","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE 64th Annual Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science (FOCS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://infoscience.epfl.ch/handle/20.500.14299/205252","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072638993","display_name":"Gal Arnon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7594-3896"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I53964585","display_name":"Weizmann Institute of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/0316ej306","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I53964585"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gal Arnon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Weizmann Institute,Rehovot,Israel","Weizmann Institute, Rehovot, Israel"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Weizmann Institute,Rehovot,Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I53964585"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Weizmann Institute, Rehovot, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I53964585"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101591310","display_name":"Alessandro Chiesa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3029-2353"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5124864","display_name":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne","ror":"https://ror.org/02s376052","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alessandro Chiesa","raw_affiliation_strings":["EPFL,Lausanne,Switzerland","EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"EPFL,Lausanne,Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048056525","display_name":"Eylon Yogev","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8599-2472"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13955877","display_name":"Bar-Ilan University","ror":"https://ror.org/03kgsv495","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13955877"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eylon Yogev","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bar-Ilan University,Ramat Gan,Israel","Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bar-Ilan University,Ramat Gan,Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13955877"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13955877"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.9579,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89267082,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"752","last_page":"761"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11130","display_name":"Coding theory and cryptography","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11130","display_name":"Coding theory and cryptography","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11567","display_name":"semigroups and automata theory","score":0.9876000285148621,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.9847000241279602,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soundness","display_name":"Soundness","score":0.8564608097076416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.5874811410903931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inverse","display_name":"Inverse","score":0.5691383481025696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/completeness","display_name":"Completeness (order theory)","score":0.5269537568092346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-logarithm","display_name":"Binary logarithm","score":0.5030173659324646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorics","display_name":"Combinatorics","score":0.473528116941452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oracle","display_name":"Oracle","score":0.43733930587768555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-mathematics","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","score":0.35901206731796265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.33188289403915405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.23371490836143494}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39920170","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q693083","display_name":"Soundness","level":2,"score":0.8564608097076416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.5874811410903931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207467116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4385666","display_name":"Inverse","level":2,"score":0.5691383481025696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17231256","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5156540","display_name":"Completeness (order theory)","level":2,"score":0.5269537568092346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63553672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q581168","display_name":"Binary logarithm","level":2,"score":0.5030173659324646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.473528116941452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55166926","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2892946","display_name":"Oracle","level":2,"score":0.43733930587768555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.35901206731796265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.33188289403915405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.23371490836143494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/focs57990.2023.00050","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/focs57990.2023.00050","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE 64th Annual Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science (FOCS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:infoscience.epfl.ch:308900","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://infoscience.epfl.ch/handle/20.500.14299/205252","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400487","display_name":"Infoscience (Ecole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"WoS","raw_type":"conference proceedings"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:infoscience.epfl.ch:308900","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://infoscience.epfl.ch/handle/20.500.14299/205252","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400487","display_name":"Infoscience (Ecole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"WoS","raw_type":"conference proceedings"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306164","display_name":"Simons Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/01cmst727"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322252","display_name":"Israel Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/04sazxf24"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323278","display_name":"Council for Higher Education","ror":"https://ror.org/036mqp197"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329018","display_name":"Ethereum Foundation","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1977134468","https://openalex.org/W1992067909","https://openalex.org/W2003159902","https://openalex.org/W2007309095","https://openalex.org/W2007997869","https://openalex.org/W2018791461","https://openalex.org/W2019578639","https://openalex.org/W2029859729","https://openalex.org/W2038691311","https://openalex.org/W2044199052","https://openalex.org/W2044471216","https://openalex.org/W2053086236","https://openalex.org/W2086653003","https://openalex.org/W2087900794","https://openalex.org/W2135952940","https://openalex.org/W2148352980","https://openalex.org/W2152221184","https://openalex.org/W2153413398","https://openalex.org/W2291472021","https://openalex.org/W2416431186","https://openalex.org/W2536319456","https://openalex.org/W2610313478","https://openalex.org/W2613376966","https://openalex.org/W2754619027","https://openalex.org/W2898776076","https://openalex.org/W2913507641","https://openalex.org/W2969207949","https://openalex.org/W2974931306","https://openalex.org/W2982474429","https://openalex.org/W2990120385","https://openalex.org/W3090085778","https://openalex.org/W3116303059","https://openalex.org/W3126633261","https://openalex.org/W3127540631","https://openalex.org/W3157539470","https://openalex.org/W3213707580","https://openalex.org/W3214484754","https://openalex.org/W4238262801","https://openalex.org/W4281624630","https://openalex.org/W4313123638","https://openalex.org/W4385654262","https://openalex.org/W4390098323","https://openalex.org/W6741884781","https://openalex.org/W6746298063","https://openalex.org/W6761892424","https://openalex.org/W6786516199","https://openalex.org/W6801004168","https://openalex.org/W6860641899","https://openalex.org/W6891669839"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W13634261","https://openalex.org/W4250462479","https://openalex.org/W56937029","https://openalex.org/W3163509751","https://openalex.org/W958050847","https://openalex.org/W2396405675","https://openalex.org/W175051304","https://openalex.org/W1548499332","https://openalex.org/W1549730417","https://openalex.org/W1994524667"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,103],"show":[1],"that":[2,25,219],"every":[3],"language":[4],"in":[5,72,224],"NP":[6,177,186],"has":[7],"an":[8,36,56,105],"Interactive":[9],"Oracle":[10],"Proof":[11],"(IOP)":[12],"with":[13,38,116,123,191],"inverse":[14],"polynomial":[15],"soundness":[16,41,126],"error":[17,42,127],"and":[18,31,61,120,149,196,210,212],"small":[19],"query":[20,62,86,150],"complexity.":[21],"This":[22,67],"achieves":[23],"parameters":[24],"surpass":[26],"all":[27],"previously":[28],"known":[29],"PCPs":[30],"IOPs.":[32,228],"Specifically,":[33],"we":[34,164],"construct":[35,104],"IOP":[37,106,175],"perfect":[39,124],"completeness,":[40,125],"$1":[43],"/":[44,132,145,194,199],"n$,":[45],"round":[46,137],"complexity":[47,63,87,138,151],"$O(\\log":[48,64,139,152],"\\log":[49,65,140,153],"n)$,":[50],"proof":[51,142],"length":[52,143],"poly":[53],"$(n)$":[54],"over":[55,112,147],"alphabet":[57],"of":[58,107,227],"size":[59],"$O(n)$,":[60],"n)$.":[66],"is":[68,93,158,178],"a":[69,94,113,166,182],"step":[70],"forward":[71],"the":[73,77,100,159,214,222],"quest":[74],"to":[75,187],"establish":[76],"sliding-scale":[78],"conjecture":[79],"for":[80,99,109,134,171,176,216],"IOPs":[81],"(which":[82],"would":[83,220],"additionally":[84],"require":[85],"$O(1))$.":[88],"Our":[89,206],"main":[90],"technical":[91],"contribution":[92],"high-soundness":[95,168,183],"small-query":[96],"proximity":[97,108,169,189,204],"test":[98,170],"Reed-Solomon":[101,110,188],"code.":[102],"codes,":[111],"field":[114],"$\\mathbb{F}$":[115],"evaluation":[117],"domain":[118],"L":[119],"degree":[121],"d,":[122],"(roughly)":[128],"$\\max":[129],"\\{1-\\delta,":[130],"O(\\rho^{1":[131],"4})\\}$":[133],"$\\delta$-far":[135],"functions,":[136],"d)$,":[141],"$O(|L|":[144],"\\rho)$":[146],"$\\mathbb{F}$,":[148],"d)$;":[154],"here":[155],"$\\rho=(d+1)":[156],"/|L|$":[157],"code":[160],"rate.":[161],"En":[162],"route,":[163],"obtain":[165],"new":[167],"bivariate":[172],"Reed-Muller":[173],"codes.The":[174],"then":[179],"obtained":[180],"via":[181],"reduction":[184],"from":[185],"testing":[190],"rate":[192],"$\\rho=1":[193],"\\operatorname{poly}(n)$":[195,200],"distance":[197],"$\\delta=1-1":[198],"(and":[201],"applying":[202],"our":[203],"test).":[205],"constructions":[207],"are":[208],"direct":[209],"efficient,":[211],"hold":[213],"potential":[215],"practical":[217],"realizations":[218],"improve":[221],"state-of-the-art":[223],"real-world":[225],"applications":[226]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
