{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4388483054","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fmec59375.2023.10306137","title":"Genetic Algorithm-Based Dynamic Backdoor Attack on Federated Learning-Based Network Traffic Classification","display_name":"Genetic Algorithm-Based Dynamic Backdoor Attack on Federated Learning-Based Network Traffic Classification","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-09-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4388483054","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fmec59375.2023.10306137"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/fmec59375.2023.10306137","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/fmec59375.2023.10306137","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 Eighth International Conference on Fog and Mobile Edge Computing (FMEC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066904836","display_name":"Mahmoud Nazzal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3375-0310"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118118575","display_name":"New Jersey Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05e74xb87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118118575"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mahmoud Nazzal","raw_affiliation_strings":["New Jersey Institute of Technology,Newark,NJ,USA,07102"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"New Jersey Institute of Technology,Newark,NJ,USA,07102","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118118575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068738723","display_name":"Nura Aljaafari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8049-1425"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4626487","display_name":"King Faisal University","ror":"https://ror.org/00dn43547","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4626487"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nura Aljaafari","raw_affiliation_strings":["King Faisal University,Al Hofuf,KSA,31982"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"King Faisal University,Al Hofuf,KSA,31982","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4626487"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089068911","display_name":"Ahmed Sawalmeh","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134359838","display_name":"Alfaisal University","ror":"https://ror.org/00cdrtq48","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134359838"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed Sawalmeh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Alfaisal University,Riyadh,KSA,11533"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Alfaisal University,Riyadh,KSA,11533","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134359838"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062119199","display_name":"Abdallah Khreishah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1583-713X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118118575","display_name":"New Jersey Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05e74xb87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118118575"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdallah Khreishah","raw_affiliation_strings":["New Jersey Institute of Technology,Newark,NJ,USA,07102"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"New Jersey Institute of Technology,Newark,NJ,USA,07102","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118118575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083182384","display_name":"Muhammad Anan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9479-4985"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134359838","display_name":"Alfaisal University","ror":"https://ror.org/00cdrtq48","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134359838"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Anan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Alfaisal University,Riyadh,KSA,11533"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Alfaisal University,Riyadh,KSA,11533","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134359838"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081145748","display_name":"Abdulelah Algosaibi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7680-4265"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4626487","display_name":"King Faisal University","ror":"https://ror.org/00dn43547","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4626487"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdulelah Algosaibi","raw_affiliation_strings":["King Faisal University,Al Hofuf,KSA,31982"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"King Faisal University,Al Hofuf,KSA,31982","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4626487"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049995499","display_name":"Mohammed Al-Naeem","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5682-6237"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4626487","display_name":"King Faisal University","ror":"https://ror.org/00dn43547","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4626487"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammed Alnaeem","raw_affiliation_strings":["King Faisal University,Al Hofuf,KSA,31982"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"King Faisal University,Al Hofuf,KSA,31982","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4626487"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082711598","display_name":"Adel Aldalbahi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1903-0480"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4626487","display_name":"King Faisal University","ror":"https://ror.org/00dn43547","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4626487"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adel Aldalbahi","raw_affiliation_strings":["King Faisal University,Al Hofuf,KSA,31982"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"King Faisal University,Al Hofuf,KSA,31982","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4626487"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042394003","display_name":"Abdulaziz Alhumam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7778-2838"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4626487","display_name":"King Faisal University","ror":"https://ror.org/00dn43547","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4626487"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdulaziz Alhumam","raw_affiliation_strings":["King Faisal University,Al Hofuf,KSA,31982"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"King Faisal University,Al Hofuf,KSA,31982","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4626487"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033820817","display_name":"Conrado P. Vizcarra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3990-9038"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4626487","display_name":"King Faisal University","ror":"https://ror.org/00dn43547","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4626487"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Conrado P. Vizcarra","raw_affiliation_strings":["King Faisal University,Al Hofuf,KSA,31982"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"King Faisal University,Al Hofuf,KSA,31982","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4626487"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013437106","display_name":"Shadan Alhamed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4836-6437"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4626487","display_name":"King Faisal University","ror":"https://ror.org/00dn43547","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4626487"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shadan Alhamed","raw_affiliation_strings":["King Faisal University,Al Hofuf,KSA,31982"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"King Faisal University,Al Hofuf,KSA,31982","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4626487"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":11,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.14517019,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":null,"first_page":"204","last_page":"209"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/backdoor","display_name":"Backdoor","score":0.9861670732498169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8443403244018555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autoencoder","display_name":"Autoencoder","score":0.5240400433540344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.5077558755874634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vulnerability","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","score":0.4813407361507416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-algorithm","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","score":0.45465540885925293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.44721367955207825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4416542053222656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/learning-network","display_name":"Learning network","score":0.4255332052707672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.41673198342323303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.4124414324760437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3289012908935547}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781045450","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254569","display_name":"Backdoor","level":2,"score":0.9861670732498169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8443403244018555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101738243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q786435","display_name":"Autoencoder","level":3,"score":0.5240400433540344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5077558755874634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95713431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631425","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4813407361507416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8880873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187787","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","level":2,"score":0.45465540885925293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.44721367955207825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4416542053222656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987015589","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1040098","display_name":"Learning network","level":2,"score":0.4255332052707672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.41673198342323303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.4124414324760437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3289012908935547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/fmec59375.2023.10306137","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/fmec59375.2023.10306137","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 Eighth International Conference on Fog and Mobile Edge Computing (FMEC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6700000166893005,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1524496078","https://openalex.org/W1882350379","https://openalex.org/W2064446036","https://openalex.org/W2100604298","https://openalex.org/W2110883665","https://openalex.org/W2766612868","https://openalex.org/W2810065831","https://openalex.org/W2896451417","https://openalex.org/W2908449057","https://openalex.org/W2948486441","https://openalex.org/W2963115223","https://openalex.org/W2963857521","https://openalex.org/W2971661634","https://openalex.org/W2982569142","https://openalex.org/W2986013765","https://openalex.org/W2995022099","https://openalex.org/W2995164118","https://openalex.org/W3010981001","https://openalex.org/W3018464563","https://openalex.org/W3024103409","https://openalex.org/W3091870957","https://openalex.org/W3096264229","https://openalex.org/W3106047871","https://openalex.org/W3112001526","https://openalex.org/W3117687414","https://openalex.org/W3181349920","https://openalex.org/W3189227796","https://openalex.org/W3216235295","https://openalex.org/W4205903734","https://openalex.org/W4293155325","https://openalex.org/W4294982478","https://openalex.org/W4318619660","https://openalex.org/W4327521255","https://openalex.org/W4377562264","https://openalex.org/W6639113821","https://openalex.org/W6675338768","https://openalex.org/W6728757088","https://openalex.org/W6752600739","https://openalex.org/W6758054042","https://openalex.org/W6769116889","https://openalex.org/W6771533808","https://openalex.org/W6780640148","https://openalex.org/W6797951864"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4320031223","https://openalex.org/W4200629851","https://openalex.org/W4281902577","https://openalex.org/W4309417370","https://openalex.org/W4292107232","https://openalex.org/W3009072493","https://openalex.org/W4386080799","https://openalex.org/W3140988292","https://openalex.org/W4317672133","https://openalex.org/W4386185023"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Federated":[0],"learning":[1,10,21,50,96,116],"enables":[2],"multiple":[3],"clients":[4],"to":[5,8,53,97,126,194],"collaboratively":[6],"contribute":[7],"the":[9,42,64,74,86,128,141,144,167,170],"of":[11,88,132,169],"a":[12,17,70,108,123,137],"global":[13,65,75],"model":[14,61,76],"orchestrated":[15],"by":[16],"central":[18],"server.":[19],"This":[20,146,181],"scheme":[22],"promotes":[23],"clients'":[24],"data":[25],"privacy":[26],"and":[27,45,130,143,192],"requires":[28],"reduced":[29],"communication":[30],"overheads.":[31],"In":[32,102],"an":[33,185],"application":[34],"like":[35],"network":[36,43,89,118,164,189],"traffic":[37,90,119],"classification,":[38],"this":[39,103],"helps":[40],"hide":[41],"vulnerabilities":[44],"weakness":[46],"points.":[47],"However,":[48],"federated":[49,95,115],"is":[51,150],"susceptible":[52],"backdoor":[54,112,133],"attacks,":[55],"in":[56,73,173],"which":[57],"adversaries":[58],"inject":[59,69],"manipulated":[60],"updates":[62,68],"into":[63],"model.":[66,145],"These":[67],"salient":[71],"functionality":[72],"that":[77],"can":[78],"be":[79],"launched":[80],"with":[81,140],"specific":[82],"input":[83,142],"patterns.":[84],"Nonetheless,":[85],"vulnerability":[87],"classification":[91],"models":[92],"based":[93],"on":[94],"these":[98],"attacks":[99],"remains":[100],"unexplored.":[101],"paper,":[104],"we":[105],"propose":[106],"GABAttack,":[107],"novel":[109],"genetic":[110,124],"algorithm-based":[111],"attack":[113,149,154],"against":[114,199],"for":[117,152,188],"classification.":[120],"GABAttack":[121,172],"utilizes":[122],"algorithm":[125],"optimize":[127],"values":[129],"locations":[131],"trigger":[134],"patterns,":[135],"ensuring":[136],"better":[138],"fit":[139],"input-tailored":[147],"dynamic":[148],"promising":[151],"improved":[153],"evasiveness":[155],"while":[156,176],"being":[157],"effective.":[158],"Extensive":[159],"experiments":[160],"conducted":[161],"over":[162],"real-world":[163],"datasets":[165],"validate":[166],"success":[168],"proposed":[171],"various":[174],"situations":[175],"maintaining":[177],"almost":[178],"invisible":[179],"activity.":[180],"research":[182],"serves":[183],"as":[184],"alarming":[186],"call":[187],"security":[190],"experts":[191],"practitioners":[193],"develop":[195],"robust":[196],"defense":[197],"measures":[198],"such":[200],"attacks.":[201]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}