{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4388483268","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fmec59375.2023.10305882","title":"Botnet Detection Using Label Propagation and Batch K-means Clustering for Securing IoT Networks","display_name":"Botnet Detection Using Label Propagation and Batch K-means Clustering for Securing IoT Networks","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-09-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4388483268","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fmec59375.2023.10305882"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/fmec59375.2023.10305882","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fmec59375.2023.10305882","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 Eighth International Conference on Fog and Mobile Edge Computing (FMEC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021455872","display_name":"Muder Almiani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0021-2364"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I179311214","display_name":"Gulf University for Science & Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04d9rzd67","country_code":"KW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I179311214"]}],"countries":["KW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muder Almiani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Gulf University of Science and Technology,Kuwait","Gulf University of Science and Technology, Kuwait"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Gulf University of Science and Technology,Kuwait","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I179311214"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Gulf University of Science and Technology, Kuwait","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I179311214"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060378320","display_name":"Alia AbuGhazleh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0421-4033"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I156983542","display_name":"Jordan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03y8mtb59","country_code":"JO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I156983542"]}],"countries":["JO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alia AbuGhazleh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jordan University of Science and Technology,Irbid,Jordan","Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jordan University of Science and Technology,Irbid,Jordan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I156983542"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I156983542"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038179267","display_name":"Ala Mughaid","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1298-6933"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157392197","display_name":"Hashemite University","ror":"https://ror.org/04a1r5z94","country_code":"JO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157392197"]}],"countries":["JO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ala Mughaid","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Hashemite University,Zarqa,Jordan,13133"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Hashemite University,Zarqa,Jordan,13133","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157392197"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032187551","display_name":"Yaser Jararweh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4403-3846"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I156983542","display_name":"Jordan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03y8mtb59","country_code":"JO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I156983542"]}],"countries":["JO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yaser Jararweh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jordan University of Science and Technology,Irbid,Jordan","Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jordan University of Science and Technology,Irbid,Jordan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I156983542"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I156983542"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"167","last_page":"174"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/botnet","display_name":"Botnet","score":0.9947733879089355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7437087893486023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.5596318244934082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.5492147207260132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.48008519411087036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.4665605425834656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.4557366967201233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3969595432281494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.33162689208984375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.1197742223739624}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22735295","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q317671","display_name":"Botnet","level":3,"score":0.9947733879089355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7437087893486023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.5596318244934082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.5492147207260132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.48008519411087036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.4665605425834656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.4557366967201233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3969595432281494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.33162689208984375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.1197742223739624}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/fmec59375.2023.10305882","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fmec59375.2023.10305882","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 Eighth International Conference on Fog and Mobile Edge Computing (FMEC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.6800000071525574,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1980761705","https://openalex.org/W2024206942","https://openalex.org/W2026621111","https://openalex.org/W2031163547","https://openalex.org/W2051224630","https://openalex.org/W2093331366","https://openalex.org/W2900916400","https://openalex.org/W2949488362","https://openalex.org/W2955593825","https://openalex.org/W2973442392","https://openalex.org/W4205197926","https://openalex.org/W4225662012","https://openalex.org/W4376606007"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2294483539","https://openalex.org/W2378449000","https://openalex.org/W3187581118","https://openalex.org/W2938399969","https://openalex.org/W3143747655","https://openalex.org/W2002178493","https://openalex.org/W2901835651","https://openalex.org/W2883616266","https://openalex.org/W186576250","https://openalex.org/W2372254325"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"profound":[1],"devastation":[2],"is":[3,7,12,117,160],"experienced":[4],"when":[5,44],"privacy":[6],"violated,":[8],"and":[9,26,77,98,154,183,187],"personal":[10],"information":[11],"compromised":[13],"or":[14],"lost.":[15],"Now,":[16],"consider":[17],"the":[18,38,57,65,68,105,115,122,149,170,175,178,205],"situation":[19],"where":[20,158],"all":[21],"these":[22],"penetrations":[23],"occur":[24],"simultaneously":[25],"remain":[27],"oblivious":[28],"until":[29],"a":[30,47,133],"considerable":[31],"time":[32],"has":[33,180],"passed.":[34],"This":[35,85],"scenario":[36],"described":[37],"Internet":[39],"of":[40,59,67,126,136,152,185,200],"Things":[41],"(IoT)":[42],"network":[43],"attacked":[45],"by":[46],"Botnet.":[48],"Existing":[49],"machine-learning":[50],"Botnet":[51,75,90,112,127,156,165,172],"detection":[52,69,76,91],"methods":[53],"tend":[54],"to":[55,120,162,169,198,209],"increase":[56],"number":[58],"incorporated":[60],"features":[61,138],"along":[62],"with":[63,132,195],"increasing":[64],"complexity":[66],"algorithms,":[70],"which":[71],"can":[72,147],"impede":[73],"timely":[74],"hinder":[78],"optimal":[79],"defense,":[80],"especially":[81],"in":[82,110,212],"large-scale":[83,214],"environments.":[84],"work":[86],"introduces":[87],"an":[88],"intelligent":[89],"system":[92,106,116,146,179],"constructed":[93,131],"based":[94],"on":[95,141,193],"batch":[96],"k-means":[97],"label":[99],"propagation":[100],"algorithms.":[101],"Despite":[102],"its":[103],"simplicity,":[104],"exhibits":[107],"noticeable":[108],"efficacy":[109],"identifying":[111],"traffic.":[113],"Moreover,":[114],"highly":[118],"able":[119],"learn":[121],"underlying":[123],"behavioral":[124],"patterns":[125],"flows":[128],"despite":[129],"being":[130],"narrow":[134],"zone":[135],"flow-based":[137],"solely":[139],"relying":[140],"packet-length":[142],"distribution.":[143],"The":[144],"proposed":[145,206],"serve":[148],"dual":[150],"purpose":[151],"clustering":[153],"classifying":[155],"traffic":[157],"it":[159],"designed":[161],"detect":[163],"HTTP-based":[164],"attacks":[166],"belonging":[167],"specifically":[168],"Virut":[171],"family.":[173],"Using":[174],"ISCX-Botnet":[176],"dataset,":[177],"achieved":[181],"accuracy":[182],"F1-score":[184],"98.25%":[186],"93.23%":[188],"respectively.":[189],"These":[190],"findings":[191],"are":[192],"par":[194],"(or":[196],"superior)":[197],"those":[199],"state-of-the-art":[201],"complex":[202],"techniques,":[203],"demonstrating":[204],"system's":[207],"capability":[208],"be":[210],"deployed":[211],"timely,":[213],"botnet":[215],"defense":[216],"architectures.":[217]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}