{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4226089582","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fmec54266.2021.9732547","title":"An Architecture for Component Authentication using Secure Cyber-physical Information and Blockchain","display_name":"An Architecture for Component Authentication using Secure Cyber-physical Information and Blockchain","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-12-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4226089582","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fmec54266.2021.9732547"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/fmec54266.2021.9732547","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fmec54266.2021.9732547","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 Sixth International Conference on Fog and Mobile Edge Computing (FMEC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042041372","display_name":"Michael Sandborn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8592-6758"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200719446","display_name":"Vanderbilt University","ror":"https://ror.org/02vm5rt34","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Sandborn","raw_affiliation_strings":["Vanderbilt University,Department of Computer Science,Nashville,TN,USA","Department of Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vanderbilt University,Department of Computer Science,Nashville,TN,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059241576","display_name":"Carlos Olea","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9367-6625"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200719446","display_name":"Vanderbilt University","ror":"https://ror.org/02vm5rt34","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carlos Olea","raw_affiliation_strings":["Vanderbilt University,Department of Computer Science,Nashville,TN,USA","Department of Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vanderbilt University,Department of Computer Science,Nashville,TN,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036342710","display_name":"Sam Hays","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200719446","display_name":"Vanderbilt University","ror":"https://ror.org/02vm5rt34","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sam Hays","raw_affiliation_strings":["Vanderbilt University,Department of Computer Science,Nashville,TN,USA","Department of Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vanderbilt University,Department of Computer Science,Nashville,TN,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023026501","display_name":"Jules White","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6331-2365"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200719446","display_name":"Vanderbilt University","ror":"https://ror.org/02vm5rt34","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jules White","raw_affiliation_strings":["Vanderbilt University,Department of Computer Science,Nashville,TN,USA","Department of Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vanderbilt University,Department of Computer Science,Nashville,TN,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4721,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.63916105,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"0","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.9373000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9150999784469604,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cyber-physical-system","display_name":"Cyber-physical system","score":0.8496602177619934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.655270516872406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/component","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","score":0.6449063420295715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication","display_name":"Authentication (law)","score":0.5781286358833313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5561994910240173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/counterfeit","display_name":"Counterfeit","score":0.534908652305603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/critical-infrastructure","display_name":"Critical infrastructure","score":0.4919278621673584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.48908573389053345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identifier","display_name":"Identifier","score":0.47084495425224304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automation","display_name":"Automation","score":0.43365633487701416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.3540458679199219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2978718876838684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.2970145344734192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.15649384260177612}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179768478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1120057","display_name":"Cyber-physical system","level":2,"score":0.8496602177619934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.655270516872406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.6449063420295715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148417208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825882","display_name":"Authentication (law)","level":2,"score":0.5781286358833313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5561994910240173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779356469","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q502918","display_name":"Counterfeit","level":2,"score":0.534908652305603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29852176","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q373338","display_name":"Critical infrastructure","level":2,"score":0.4919278621673584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.48908573389053345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154504017","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853614","display_name":"Identifier","level":2,"score":0.47084495425224304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115901376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184199","display_name":"Automation","level":2,"score":0.43365633487701416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.3540458679199219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2978718876838684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.2970145344734192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.15649384260177612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/fmec54266.2021.9732547","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fmec54266.2021.9732547","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 Sixth International Conference on Fog and Mobile Edge Computing (FMEC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5900521026","display_name":"CPS: TTP Option: Medium: Collaborative Research: Cyber-Physical System Integrity and Security with Impedance Signatures","funder_award_id":"1931931","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2138474025","https://openalex.org/W2461769188","https://openalex.org/W2570008916","https://openalex.org/W2732894263","https://openalex.org/W2900323908","https://openalex.org/W2913238818","https://openalex.org/W2944303466","https://openalex.org/W2945068549","https://openalex.org/W2967981497","https://openalex.org/W3085929865","https://openalex.org/W3106776349","https://openalex.org/W4248175462","https://openalex.org/W4288254016","https://openalex.org/W6786435482"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3191226418","https://openalex.org/W2357749344","https://openalex.org/W4323356230","https://openalex.org/W2362200800","https://openalex.org/W1539823648","https://openalex.org/W4290078996","https://openalex.org/W3113783116","https://openalex.org/W4372352523","https://openalex.org/W3211012000","https://openalex.org/W3208645214"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Cyber-physical":[0],"systems":[1],"(CPSs)":[2],"tie":[3],"software":[4],"to":[5,36,69],"components":[6,117],"that":[7],"manipulate":[8],"physical":[9,82,127],"space,":[10],"and":[11,24,40,81,101,126],"safety-critical":[12,73],"CPSs":[13,74],"comprise":[14],"an":[15],"increasing":[16],"share":[17],"of":[18,72,116],"roles":[19],"in":[20,52],"process":[21],"automation,":[22],"transportation,":[23],"industrial":[25],"operations.":[26],"As":[27],"device":[28],"intercon-nectivity":[29],"increases,":[30],"security":[31],"paradigms":[32],"must":[33],"be":[34],"developed":[35],"address":[37],"cross-domain":[38],"interactions":[39],"prevent":[41],"vulnerabilities":[42],"from":[43],"one":[44],"domain":[45],"(e.g.":[46,55,84],"misconfigured":[47],"robot":[48],"controller":[49],"software)":[50],"manifesting":[51],"the":[53,70],"other":[54],"mechatronic":[56],"arm":[57],"harms":[58],"factory":[59],"worker).":[60],"In":[61,91],"particular,":[62],"counterfeit":[63],"goods":[64],"pose":[65],"a":[66,96,119],"significant":[67],"threat":[68],"construction":[71],"with":[75,87],"downstream":[76],"effects":[77],"spanning":[78],"both":[79,124],"cyber":[80,125],"environments":[83],"commercial":[85],"aircraft":[86],"faulty":[88],"fuel":[89],"pump).":[90],"this":[92],"paper,":[93],"we":[94],"present":[95],"theoretical":[97],"architecture":[98],"for":[99],"exchanging":[100],"verifying":[102],"Signed":[103],"Physically":[104],"Unclonable":[105],"iDentities":[106],"(SPUDs).":[107],"The":[108],"proposed":[109],"system,":[110],"based":[111],"on":[112],"Blockchain,":[113],"allows":[114],"tracking":[115],"throughout":[118],"CPS":[120],"supply":[121],"network":[122],"using":[123],"identifiers.":[128]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-22T08:00:12.763002","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}