{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3044192484","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fmec49853.2020.9144833","title":"A Fog-Augmented Machine Learning based SMS Spam Detection and Classification System","display_name":"A Fog-Augmented Machine Learning based SMS Spam Detection and Classification System","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3044192484","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fmec49853.2020.9144833","mag":"3044192484"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/fmec49853.2020.9144833","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fmec49853.2020.9144833","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 Fifth International Conference on Fog and Mobile Edge Computing (FMEC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112551018","display_name":"Sahar Bosaeed","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185163786","display_name":"King Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/02ma4wv74","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sahar Bosaeed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty and Computing and Information Technology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, KSA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty and Computing and Information Technology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, KSA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022780651","display_name":"Iyad Katib","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3376-3218"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185163786","display_name":"King Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/02ma4wv74","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Iyad Katib","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty and Computing and Information Technology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, KSA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty and Computing and Information Technology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, KSA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077619272","display_name":"Rashid Mehmood","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4997-5322"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185163786","display_name":"King Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/02ma4wv74","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rashid Mehmood","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty and Computing and Information Technology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, KSA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty and Computing and Information Technology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, KSA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5112551018"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.3416,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":42,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97975112,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"325","last_page":"330"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8080503940582275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/naive-bayes-classifier","display_name":"Naive Bayes classifier","score":0.794609010219574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.6688388586044312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.6335915923118591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malware","display_name":"Malware","score":0.5762671828269958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/short-message-service","display_name":"Short Message Service","score":0.5535696148872375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.523476243019104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-device","display_name":"Mobile device","score":0.4975784122943878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.479168564081192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preprocessor","display_name":"Preprocessor","score":0.45549166202545166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.4127386510372162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3321805000305176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.21969959139823914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.12825649976730347}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8080503940582275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52001869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812530","display_name":"Naive Bayes classifier","level":3,"score":0.794609010219574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.6688388586044312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.6335915923118591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C541664917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14001","display_name":"Malware","level":2,"score":0.5762671828269958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74558129","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43024","display_name":"Short Message Service","level":2,"score":0.5535696148872375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.523476243019104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186967261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5082128","display_name":"Mobile device","level":2,"score":0.4975784122943878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.479168564081192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34736171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918333","display_name":"Preprocessor","level":2,"score":0.45549166202545166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4127386510372162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3321805000305176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.21969959139823914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.12825649976730347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/fmec49853.2020.9144833","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fmec49853.2020.9144833","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 Fifth International Conference on Fog and Mobile Edge Computing (FMEC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1527313647","https://openalex.org/W1970733677","https://openalex.org/W1983915931","https://openalex.org/W1995773777","https://openalex.org/W2023269223","https://openalex.org/W2039609595","https://openalex.org/W2057340441","https://openalex.org/W2069128736","https://openalex.org/W2074339481","https://openalex.org/W2081497813","https://openalex.org/W2081591787","https://openalex.org/W2096779808","https://openalex.org/W2110357431","https://openalex.org/W2139143222","https://openalex.org/W2142145056","https://openalex.org/W2184749833","https://openalex.org/W2186743378","https://openalex.org/W2294557129","https://openalex.org/W2587887365","https://openalex.org/W3099138433","https://openalex.org/W4235570165","https://openalex.org/W6631531171","https://openalex.org/W6665201449","https://openalex.org/W6686103855"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2097492617","https://openalex.org/W2753240997","https://openalex.org/W1764168690","https://openalex.org/W2537959205","https://openalex.org/W2740895074","https://openalex.org/W2772446090","https://openalex.org/W4284893819","https://openalex.org/W4205744673","https://openalex.org/W2571819921","https://openalex.org/W1542243973"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Smart":[0],"cities":[1],"and":[2,8,21,88,120,125,128,146,164,171,186],"societies":[3],"are":[4],"driving":[5],"unprecedented":[6],"technological":[7],"socioeconomic":[9],"growth":[10],"in":[11,140],"everyday":[12],"life":[13],"albeit":[14],"making":[15],"us":[16,107],"increasingly":[17],"vulnerable":[18],"to":[19,54,72,85,136,173],"infinitely":[20],"incomprehensibly":[22],"diverse":[23],"threats.":[24],"Short":[25],"Message":[26],"Service":[27],"(SMS)":[28],"spam":[29,56,74,162,169],"is":[30,134,147],"one":[31],"such":[32],"threat":[33],"that":[34,97],"can":[35,82],"affect":[36],"mobile":[37,43,52],"security":[38,46],"by":[39,106,153],"propagating":[40],"malware":[41],"on":[42,62,167,177],"devices.":[44],"A":[45],"breach":[47],"could":[48],"also":[49],"cause":[50],"a":[51,70,95],"device":[53],"send":[55],"messages.":[57,66,91],"Many":[58],"works":[59],"have":[60],"focused":[61],"classifying":[63],"incoming":[64,87],"SMS":[65,77,90,157],"This":[67],"paper":[68],"proposes":[69],"tool":[71],"detect":[73],"from":[75],"outgoing":[76,89],"messages,":[78],"although":[79],"the":[80,168],"work":[81],"be":[83,174],"applied":[84],"both":[86],"Specifically,":[92],"we":[93],"develop":[94],"system":[96,133,160],"comprises":[98],"multiple":[99],"machine":[100],"learning":[101],"(ML)":[102],"based":[103,176],"classifiers":[104,172],"built":[105,135,152],"using":[108,149],"three":[109],"classification":[110,181],"methods":[111],"--":[112],"Na\u00efve":[113,121],"Bayes":[114,122],"(NB),":[115],"Support":[116],"Vector":[117],"Machine":[118],"(SVM),":[119],"Multinomial":[123],"(NBM)-":[124],"five":[126],"preprocessing":[127],"feature":[129],"extraction":[130],"methods.":[131],"The":[132,159],"allow":[137],"its":[138],"execution":[139],"cloud,":[141],"fog":[142],"or":[143],"edge":[144],"layers,":[145],"evaluated":[148],"15":[150],"datasets":[151],"4":[154],"widely-used":[155],"public":[156],"datasets.":[158],"detects":[161],"SMSs":[163],"gives":[165],"recommendations":[166],"filters":[170],"used":[175],"user":[178],"preferences":[179],"including":[180],"accuracy,":[182],"True":[183],"Negatives":[184],"(TN),":[185],"computational":[187],"resource":[188],"requirements.":[189]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
