{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7130610391","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fllm67465.2025.11391011","title":"Architecture Search using AI Agent: Novel IDS for Edge-Based IoT Security","display_name":"Architecture Search using AI Agent: Novel IDS for Edge-Based IoT Security","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7130610391","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fllm67465.2025.11391011"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/fllm67465.2025.11391011","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fllm67465.2025.11391011","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 3rd International Conference on Foundation and Large Language Models (FLLM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126384154","display_name":"Nadera Aljawabrah","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157392197","display_name":"Hashemite University","ror":"https://ror.org/04a1r5z94","country_code":"JO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157392197"]}],"countries":["JO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nadera Aljawabrah","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Hashemite University,Faculty of Prince Al-Hussien Bin Abdullah for IT,Department of Information Technology,Zarqa,Jordan,13133"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Hashemite University,Faculty of Prince Al-Hussien Bin Abdullah for IT,Department of Information Technology,Zarqa,Jordan,13133","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157392197"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126401578","display_name":"Mahmoud Aljamal","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97864281","display_name":"Irbid National University","ror":"https://ror.org/00xfxvy87","country_code":"JO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97864281"]}],"countries":["JO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mahmoud Aljamal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Irbid National University,Faculty of Information Technology,Department of CyberSecurity,Irbid,Jordan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Irbid National University,Faculty of Information Technology,Department of CyberSecurity,Irbid,Jordan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97864281"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034467239","display_name":"Saif Okour","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97864281","display_name":"Irbid National University","ror":"https://ror.org/00xfxvy87","country_code":"JO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97864281"]}],"countries":["JO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saif Okour","raw_affiliation_strings":["Irbid National University,Faculty of Science and Information Technology,Department of Software Engineering,Irbid,Jordan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Irbid National University,Faculty of Science and Information Technology,Department of Software Engineering,Irbid,Jordan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97864281"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089650529","display_name":"Mohammad Kharabsheh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9904-2486"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157392197","display_name":"Hashemite University","ror":"https://ror.org/04a1r5z94","country_code":"JO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157392197"]}],"countries":["JO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Kharabsheh","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Hashemite University,Faculty of Prince Al-Hussien Bin Abdullah for IT,Computer Information Systems Department,Zarqa,Jordan,13133"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Hashemite University,Faculty of Prince Al-Hussien Bin Abdullah for IT,Computer Information Systems Department,Zarqa,Jordan,13133","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157392197"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126418961","display_name":"Tariq Samarah","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145380033","display_name":"Amman Arab University","ror":"https://ror.org/039xekb14","country_code":"JO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145380033"]}],"countries":["JO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tariq Samarah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Amman Arab University,Digital Marketing Department"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Amman Arab University,Digital Marketing Department","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145380033"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038179267","display_name":"Ala Mughaid","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1298-6933"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I179311214","display_name":"Gulf University for Science & Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04d9rzd67","country_code":"KW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I179311214"]}],"countries":["KW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ala Mughaid","raw_affiliation_strings":["Gulf University of Science and Technology,Computer Science Department,Kuwait"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Gulf University of Science and Technology,Computer Science Department,Kuwait","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I179311214"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.68741019,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"16","last_page":"22"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.8375999927520752,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.8375999927520752,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.03359999880194664,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.025800000876188278,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intrusion-detection-system","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","score":0.6367999911308289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/false-positive-paradox","display_name":"False positive paradox","score":0.47870001196861267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regularization","display_name":"Regularization (linguistics)","score":0.43470001220703125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consistency","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","score":0.4074000120162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/false-alarm","display_name":"False alarm","score":0.4041000008583069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/false-positives-and-false-negatives","display_name":"False positives and false negatives","score":0.3971000015735626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedding","display_name":"Embedding","score":0.39169999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constant-false-alarm-rate","display_name":"Constant false alarm rate","score":0.38690000772476196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/residual","display_name":"Residual","score":0.3684000074863434}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7749000191688538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35525427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q745881","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","level":2,"score":0.6367999911308289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64869954","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1859747","display_name":"False positive paradox","level":2,"score":0.47870001196861267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4625000059604645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776135515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17143721","display_name":"Regularization (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.43470001220703125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776436953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163215","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","level":2,"score":0.4074000120162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776836416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1364844","display_name":"False alarm","level":2,"score":0.4041000008583069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112789634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18207010","display_name":"False positives and false negatives","level":3,"score":0.3971000015735626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.39570000767707825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.39169999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77052588","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q644307","display_name":"Constant false alarm rate","level":2,"score":0.38690000772476196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.38659998774528503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155512373","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287450","display_name":"Residual","level":2,"score":0.3684000074863434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.353300005197525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.35280001163482666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.3517000079154968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202615002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q783507","display_name":"Differentiable function","level":2,"score":0.3174999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.31470000743865967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75553542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178161","display_name":"A priori and a posteriori","level":2,"score":0.31459999084472656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.3091000020503998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12725497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810247","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","level":2,"score":0.3012999892234802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.29840001463890076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.29679998755455017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.2946000099182129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60908668","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690207","display_name":"Perceptron","level":3,"score":0.26809999346733093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984842247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep neural networks","level":3,"score":0.266400009393692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20136886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749647","display_name":"Interoperability","level":2,"score":0.25619998574256897}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/fllm67465.2025.11391011","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fllm67465.2025.11391011","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 3rd International Conference on Foundation and Large Language Models (FLLM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life in Land","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","score":0.40742287039756775}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W3003685271","https://openalex.org/W3195161028","https://openalex.org/W3206674745","https://openalex.org/W4327747301","https://openalex.org/W4378420446","https://openalex.org/W4386249878","https://openalex.org/W4389888396","https://openalex.org/W4389917781","https://openalex.org/W4400745935","https://openalex.org/W4400858333","https://openalex.org/W4405271888","https://openalex.org/W4406039620","https://openalex.org/W4406113408","https://openalex.org/W4407227297","https://openalex.org/W4407628219","https://openalex.org/W4407639894","https://openalex.org/W4413100639","https://openalex.org/W4414527521"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,137],"rapid":[1],"evolution":[2],"of":[3,12,122,145,152],"6G-enabled":[4,195],"IoT":[5,106,127,196],"ecosystems":[6],"has":[7],"significantly":[8],"increased":[9],"the":[10,16,82,100],"risk":[11],"sophisticated":[13],"cyberattacks,":[14],"highlighting":[15],"need":[17],"for":[18,37,191],"adaptive":[19],"and":[20,67,76,96,109,147,168,179,188],"efficient":[21],"intrusion":[22,43,192],"detection":[23,44,193],"systems.":[24],"This":[25],"paper":[26],"presents":[27],"a":[28,57,115,148,185],"novel":[29],"Differentiable":[30],"Neural":[31],"Architecture":[32],"Search":[33],"(DNAS)":[34],"framework":[35,159],"designed":[36],"cross-domain":[38,116,180],"cyberattack":[39],"detection.":[40],"Unlike":[41],"traditional":[42],"models":[45],"that":[46,157,175],"rely":[47],"on":[48],"fixed":[49],"or":[50],"manually":[51],"engineered":[52],"architectures,":[53],"our":[54,158],"approach":[55,139],"employs":[56],"differentiable":[58],"optimization":[59],"process":[60],"to":[61,102,134,164],"jointly":[62],"refine":[63],"both":[64],"network":[65],"structures":[66],"weights,":[68],"ensuring":[69],"an":[70],"optimal":[71],"balance":[72],"between":[73],"accuracy,":[74,142],"robustness,":[75],"computational":[77],"efficiency.":[78],"To":[79],"enhance":[80],"resilience,":[81],"search":[83],"space":[84],"is":[85],"extended":[86],"with":[87],"domain-aware":[88],"operators,":[89],"including":[90],"temporal":[91],"convolutions,":[92],"lightweight":[93],"attention":[94],"blocks,":[95],"residual":[97],"connections,":[98],"allowing":[99],"model":[101],"effectively":[103],"handle":[104],"diverse":[105],"traffic":[107],"patterns":[108],"complex":[110],"attack":[111],"vectors.":[112],"In":[113],"addition,":[114],"consistency":[117],"regularization":[118,181],"mechanism":[119],"enforces":[120],"alignment":[121],"learned":[123],"representations":[124],"across":[125],"heterogeneous":[126],"domains,":[128],"minimizing":[129],"false":[130,149],"positives":[131],"when":[132],"exposed":[133],"unseen":[135],"environments.":[136],"proposed":[138],"achieves":[140,160],"99.2%":[141],"macro":[143],"F1-score":[144],"0.992,":[146],"alarm":[150],"rate":[151],"0.8%.":[153],"Experimental":[154],"analysis":[155],"demonstrates":[156],"superior":[161],"performance":[162],"compared":[163],"conventional":[165],"deep":[166],"learning":[167],"baseline":[169],"NAS":[170,183],"methods.":[171],"These":[172],"findings":[173],"confirm":[174],"embedding":[176],"domain-specific":[177],"operators":[178],"into":[182],"delivers":[184],"scalable,":[186],"robust,":[187],"future-proof":[189],"solution":[190],"in":[194],"ecosystems.":[197]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2026-02-20T00:00:00"}
