{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7130613008","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fllm67465.2025.11390936","title":"Interactive LLMs with Human-in-the-Loop for Ethical Content Generation","display_name":"Interactive LLMs with Human-in-the-Loop for Ethical Content Generation","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7130613008","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fllm67465.2025.11390936"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/fllm67465.2025.11390936","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fllm67465.2025.11390936","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 3rd International Conference on Foundation and Large Language Models (FLLM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113145233","display_name":"Yazan Al Ahmed","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161913731","display_name":"Al Ain University","ror":"https://ror.org/023abrt21","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161913731"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yazan Al Ahmed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Al Ain University,Faculty of Engineering,Abu Dhabi,UAE"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Al Ain University,Faculty of Engineering,Abu Dhabi,UAE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161913731"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126439163","display_name":"Salsabeel Naser","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161913731","display_name":"Al Ain University","ror":"https://ror.org/023abrt21","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161913731"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Salsabeel Naser","raw_affiliation_strings":["Al Ain University,Faculty of Engineering,Abu Dhabi,UAE"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Al Ain University,Faculty of Engineering,Abu Dhabi,UAE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161913731"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100912531","display_name":"Abrar Ahmed","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161913731","display_name":"Al Ain University","ror":"https://ror.org/023abrt21","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161913731"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abrar Ahmed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Al Ain University,Faculty of Engineering,Abu Dhabi,UAE"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Al Ain University,Faculty of Engineering,Abu Dhabi,UAE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161913731"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161913731"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81115982,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1064","last_page":"1070"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.21070000529289246,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.21070000529289246,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.17339999973773956,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.14159999787807465,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.5735999941825867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/corporate-governance","display_name":"Corporate governance","score":0.5613999962806702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.37770000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sustainability","display_name":"Sustainability","score":0.36340001225471497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/accountability","display_name":"Accountability","score":0.34290000796318054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement","display_name":"Reinforcement","score":0.32420000433921814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preference","display_name":"Preference","score":0.31700000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hybrid-learning","display_name":"Hybrid learning","score":0.31679999828338623}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.5735999941825867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39389867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380767","display_name":"Corporate governance","level":2,"score":0.5613999962806702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55587333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1133029","display_name":"Engineering ethics","level":1,"score":0.46219998598098755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4163999855518341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.37770000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66204764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q219416","display_name":"Sustainability","level":2,"score":0.36340001225471497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.3492000102996826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776007630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2798912","display_name":"Accountability","level":2,"score":0.34290000796318054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.32829999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67203356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321905","display_name":"Reinforcement","level":2,"score":0.32420000433921814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781249084","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q908656","display_name":"Preference","level":2,"score":0.31700000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018790387","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q869010","display_name":"Hybrid learning","level":2,"score":0.31679999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.3127000033855438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.31040000915527344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195094911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14167904","display_name":"Process management","level":1,"score":0.31040000915527344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.28619998693466187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162446236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q653137","display_name":"Content analysis","level":2,"score":0.28139999508857727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169437150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8458","display_name":"Human rights","level":2,"score":0.2808000147342682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.2786000072956085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781089502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2917873","display_name":"Human development (humanity)","level":2,"score":0.2786000072956085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780626000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5936775","display_name":"Human-in-the-loop","level":2,"score":0.27810001373291016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120912362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q136822","display_name":"Higher education","level":2,"score":0.2766000032424927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.2752000093460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.27250000834465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779436431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30672407","display_name":"Policy learning","level":2,"score":0.2565999925136566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986663376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9465","display_name":"Ethical issues","level":2,"score":0.25609999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199033989","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1318295","display_name":"Narrative","level":2,"score":0.25369998812675476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776716048","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6045290","display_name":"Interactive Learning","level":2,"score":0.2529999911785126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778648169","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q967768","display_name":"Compatibility (geochemistry)","level":2,"score":0.2524999976158142}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/fllm67465.2025.11390936","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fllm67465.2025.11390936","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 3rd International Conference on Foundation and Large Language Models (FLLM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W3100355250","https://openalex.org/W3201174429","https://openalex.org/W4390493721","https://openalex.org/W4392905118","https://openalex.org/W4403277237","https://openalex.org/W4404295044","https://openalex.org/W4404848060","https://openalex.org/W4404848918","https://openalex.org/W4404959014","https://openalex.org/W4407639755","https://openalex.org/W4407690539","https://openalex.org/W4408410443","https://openalex.org/W4411487866","https://openalex.org/W4411492791","https://openalex.org/W4411614950","https://openalex.org/W4413320366","https://openalex.org/W4413918337"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Large":[0],"Language":[1],"Models":[2],"(LLMs)":[3],"have":[4],"shown":[5],"impressive":[6],"breakthroughs":[7],"in":[8],"reasoning":[9],"and":[10,21,36,62,101,119,135],"fluency,":[11],"yet":[12],"face":[13],"the":[14,82,90],"risks":[15],"of":[16,45,98,103,139],"ethics,":[17],"including":[18],"bias,":[19,117],"misinformation,":[20],"even":[22],"toxicity.":[23],"HITL":[24,46],"is":[25],"an":[26,73],"effective":[27],"step":[28],"to":[29,127],"achieving":[30],"human":[31,37,79],"compatibility":[32],"between":[33],"model":[34],"behavior":[35],"values.":[38],"This":[39],"article":[40],"includes":[41],"a":[42],"literature":[43],"review":[44],"alignment":[47],"methods:":[48],"Reinforcement":[49,63],"Learning":[50,64],"from":[51,65],"Human":[52],"Feedback":[53,67],"(RLHF),":[54],"Direct":[55],"Preference":[56],"Optimization":[57],"(DPO),":[58],"Constitutional":[59],"AI":[60,66],"(CAI),":[61],"(RLAIF),":[68],"as":[69,71,94,96],"well":[70],"proposes":[72],"Interactive":[74],"Alignment":[75],"Lifecycle":[76],"that":[77,93],"incorporates":[78],"supervision":[80],"along":[81],"LLM":[83],"development":[84],"pipeline.":[85],"Combining":[86],"research":[87],"by":[88],"2020-2025,":[89],"results":[91],"reveal":[92],"much":[95],"71%":[97],"harmful":[99],"outputs":[100],"50%":[102],"beneficial":[104],"content":[105],"can":[106],"be":[107],"reduced":[108],"or":[109],"increased":[110],"accordingly":[111],"with":[112],"interactive":[113],"feedback.":[114],"But":[115],"evaluator":[116],"scalability,":[118],"over-refusal":[120],"are":[121],"still":[122],"problems.":[123],"Future":[124],"studies":[125],"need":[126],"focus":[128],"on":[129],"optimal":[130],"hybrid":[131],"feedback,":[132],"evolving":[133],"constitutions,":[134],"standardized":[136],"governance":[137],"frameworks":[138],"sustainable":[140],"ethical":[141],"alignment.":[142]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2026-02-20T00:00:00"}