{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4406524375","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fit63703.2024.10838448","title":"Enhancing Access Control, Authorization, and Accountability in Cyber-Physical Systems Using Machine Learning","display_name":"Enhancing Access Control, Authorization, and Accountability in Cyber-Physical Systems Using Machine Learning","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-12-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4406524375","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fit63703.2024.10838448"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/fit63703.2024.10838448","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fit63703.2024.10838448","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 International Conference on Frontiers of Information Technology (FIT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029672011","display_name":"Isaac Adom","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I198012923","display_name":"University of Staffordshire","ror":"https://ror.org/00d6k8y35","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I198012923"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Isaac Adom","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing and Digital Technologies, Staffordshire University,Stoke-On-Trent,UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing and Digital Technologies, Staffordshire University,Stoke-On-Trent,UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I198012923"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024527063","display_name":"Muhammad Awais","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6421-9245"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1118541","display_name":"University of East Anglia","ror":"https://ror.org/026k5mg93","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1118541"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Awais","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing Sciences, University of East Anglia,Norwich,UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing Sciences, University of East Anglia,Norwich,UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1118541"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112706568","display_name":"Mohsin Raza","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5630-2936"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1118541","display_name":"University of East Anglia","ror":"https://ror.org/026k5mg93","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1118541"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohsin Raza","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing Sciences, University of East Anglia,Norwich,UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing Sciences, University of East Anglia,Norwich,UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1118541"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033764047","display_name":"Umar Farooq Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3096-229X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165525304","display_name":"Edge Hill University","ror":"https://ror.org/028ndzd53","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165525304"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Umar Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Edge Hill University,Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering,Ormskirk,UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Edge Hill University,Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering,Ormskirk,UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165525304"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025262048","display_name":"Omer Chughtai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5701-7394"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16076960","display_name":"COMSATS University Islamabad","ror":"https://ror.org/00nqqvk19","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Omer Chughtai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Comsats University Islamabad,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Wah Cantt,Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Comsats University Islamabad,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Wah Cantt,Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5029672011"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I198012923"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.41351675,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9887999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authorization","display_name":"Authorization","score":0.7970902919769287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/accountability","display_name":"Accountability","score":0.7516709566116333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7467219829559326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/access-control","display_name":"Access control","score":0.7167722582817078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.512057363986969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cyber-physical-system","display_name":"Cyber-physical system","score":0.5018973350524902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.47745493054389954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.40953001379966736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3389783501625061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.15063217282295227}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108759981","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788590","display_name":"Authorization","level":2,"score":0.7970902919769287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776007630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2798912","display_name":"Accountability","level":2,"score":0.7516709566116333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7467219829559326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C527821871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228502","display_name":"Access control","level":2,"score":0.7167722582817078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.512057363986969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179768478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1120057","display_name":"Cyber-physical system","level":2,"score":0.5018973350524902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.47745493054389954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.40953001379966736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3389783501625061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.15063217282295227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/fit63703.2024.10838448","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fit63703.2024.10838448","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 International Conference on Frontiers of Information Technology (FIT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk:102385","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/102385/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400384","display_name":"UEA Digital Repository (University of East Anglia)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1118541","host_organization_name":"University of East Anglia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1118541"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"NonPeerReviewed"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2566539626","https://openalex.org/W2794934809","https://openalex.org/W2987085812","https://openalex.org/W2998161714","https://openalex.org/W3006558576","https://openalex.org/W3024405147","https://openalex.org/W3027037005","https://openalex.org/W3048270693","https://openalex.org/W3099385804","https://openalex.org/W3120329507","https://openalex.org/W3130731369","https://openalex.org/W3137843145","https://openalex.org/W3138794203","https://openalex.org/W3150600293","https://openalex.org/W3158902163","https://openalex.org/W3178899684","https://openalex.org/W3183608804","https://openalex.org/W3201571347","https://openalex.org/W3208007108","https://openalex.org/W4224119622","https://openalex.org/W4283067092","https://openalex.org/W4283802082","https://openalex.org/W4285400608","https://openalex.org/W4294768169","https://openalex.org/W4294768512","https://openalex.org/W4308246097","https://openalex.org/W4324092829","https://openalex.org/W4384831246","https://openalex.org/W4385811614","https://openalex.org/W4387007813","https://openalex.org/W4388018155","https://openalex.org/W4388018796","https://openalex.org/W4389242244","https://openalex.org/W4390340595","https://openalex.org/W4390430055","https://openalex.org/W4390726564","https://openalex.org/W4391922077","https://openalex.org/W4392830310","https://openalex.org/W4395453156","https://openalex.org/W4396542442","https://openalex.org/W4399049989","https://openalex.org/W4399088317","https://openalex.org/W4400038816","https://openalex.org/W4400108511"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2555738791","https://openalex.org/W2123296434","https://openalex.org/W2104547074","https://openalex.org/W4298042445","https://openalex.org/W2586694115","https://openalex.org/W2132693790","https://openalex.org/W2017616439","https://openalex.org/W2367441718","https://openalex.org/W2017675414","https://openalex.org/W1593822213"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Cyber-Physical":[0],"Systems":[1],"(CPS)":[2],"integrate":[3],"networking,":[4],"computing,":[5],"and":[6,19,24,33,53,77,94,104,114,122,132,152],"physical":[7],"processes,":[8],"forming":[9],"the":[10,67,70,144,157],"backbone":[11],"of":[12,26,73,147,160],"critical":[13,162],"industries":[14],"such":[15],"as":[16],"healthcare,":[17],"energy,":[18],"transportation.":[20],"The":[21,107],"increasing":[22],"complexity":[23],"interconnection":[25],"CPS":[27,56],"have":[28],"led":[29],"to":[30,48,79,118,156],"significant":[31],"compliance":[32],"security":[34,124,145],"challenges.":[35],"This":[36],"research":[37],"introduces":[38],"a":[39,150],"novel":[40],"framework":[41,68,108],"that":[42],"leverages":[43],"Machine":[44],"Learning":[45],"(ML)":[46],"techniques":[47,61],"enhance":[49],"access":[50,64],"control,":[51],"authorization,":[52],"accountability":[54],"within":[55],"environments.":[57],"By":[58],"combining":[59],"these":[60,161],"with":[62],"traditional":[63],"control":[65],"methods,":[66],"addresses":[69],"unique":[71],"demands":[72],"CPS,":[74,119,148],"including":[75],"scalability":[76],"adaptability":[78],"dynamic":[80],"conditions.":[81],"A":[82],"key":[83],"innovation":[84],"lies":[85],"in":[86],"applying":[87],"ensemble":[88],"methods":[89],"like":[90],"Random":[91],"Forest,":[92],"AdaBoost,":[93],"Gradient":[95],"Boosting,":[96],"which":[97],"outperform":[98],"individual":[99],"models":[100],"by":[101],"mitigating":[102],"overfitting":[103],"improving":[105],"generalizability.":[106],"also":[109],"incorporates":[110],"sophisticated":[111],"feature":[112],"engineering":[113],"regularization":[115],"strategies":[116],"tailored":[117,155],"ensuring":[120],"robust":[121],"efficient":[123],"solutions.":[125],"Through":[126],"rigorous":[127],"data":[128],"preprocessing,":[129],"relationship":[130],"analysis,":[131],"model":[133],"validation,":[134],"this":[135],"study":[136],"demonstrates":[137],"how":[138],"machine":[139],"learning":[140],"can":[141],"significantly":[142],"advance":[143],"posture":[146],"offering":[149],"scalable":[151],"effective":[153],"approach":[154],"specific":[158],"needs":[159],"systems.":[163]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-21T08:13:44.787528","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}