{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4407951148","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fie61694.2024.10892927","title":"Leveraging Fixation Transition Patterns and Targeted Regions of Interest for Analyzing Code Comprehension","display_name":"Leveraging Fixation Transition Patterns and Targeted Regions of Interest for Analyzing Code Comprehension","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-10-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4407951148","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fie61694.2024.10892927"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/fie61694.2024.10892927","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fie61694.2024.10892927","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102749808","display_name":"Md Shakil Hossain","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2136-6457"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39815113","display_name":"Georgia Southern University","ror":"https://ror.org/04agmb972","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39815113"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Md Shakil Hossain","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science, Georgia Southern University,Statesboro,USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science, Georgia Southern University,Statesboro,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39815113"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060282910","display_name":"Noushin Gauhar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9655-428X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39815113","display_name":"Georgia Southern University","ror":"https://ror.org/04agmb972","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39815113"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Noushin Gauhar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science, Georgia Southern University,Statesboro,USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science, Georgia Southern University,Statesboro,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39815113"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5095913592","display_name":"Rushmila Shabneen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-9382-1200"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39815113","display_name":"Georgia Southern University","ror":"https://ror.org/04agmb972","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39815113"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rushmila Shabneen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science, Georgia Southern University,Statesboro,USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science, Georgia Southern University,Statesboro,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39815113"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014676760","display_name":"Andrew Allen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0244-3123"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39815113","display_name":"Georgia Southern University","ror":"https://ror.org/04agmb972","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39815113"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew Allen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science, Georgia Southern University,Statesboro,USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science, Georgia Southern University,Statesboro,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39815113"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102749808"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39815113"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.34852434,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10103","display_name":"Reading and Literacy Development","score":0.8579000234603882,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10103","display_name":"Reading and Literacy Development","score":0.8579000234603882,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11902","display_name":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","score":0.8482000231742859,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10525","display_name":"Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","score":0.7530999779701233,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/program-comprehension","display_name":"Program comprehension","score":0.7336505651473999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6423251032829285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/comprehension","display_name":"Comprehension","score":0.48915746808052063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transition","display_name":"Transition (genetics)","score":0.4741781949996948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.4505338668823242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.2769075930118561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.14655053615570068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.1337943971157074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetics","display_name":"Genetics","score":0.13344573974609375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-system","display_name":"Software system","score":0.07876947522163391}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777561058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2652119","display_name":"Program comprehension","level":4,"score":0.7336505651473999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6423251032829285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C511192102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5156948","display_name":"Comprehension","level":2,"score":0.48915746808052063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194232998","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1606712","display_name":"Transition (genetics)","level":3,"score":0.4741781949996948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.4505338668823242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.2769075930118561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.14655053615570068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.1337943971157074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.13344573974609375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149091818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2429814","display_name":"Software system","level":3,"score":0.07876947522163391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/fie61694.2024.10892927","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fie61694.2024.10892927","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1901145490","https://openalex.org/W1965305672","https://openalex.org/W1973204205","https://openalex.org/W2081112272","https://openalex.org/W2362779523","https://openalex.org/W2620657989","https://openalex.org/W2919890647","https://openalex.org/W2943898749","https://openalex.org/W3010044660","https://openalex.org/W4211248783","https://openalex.org/W4310357439","https://openalex.org/W4310358388","https://openalex.org/W6665179509"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2724855087","https://openalex.org/W2886906914","https://openalex.org/W2884362859","https://openalex.org/W1508879959","https://openalex.org/W2123179197","https://openalex.org/W2008149650","https://openalex.org/W1995506819","https://openalex.org/W2110798500","https://openalex.org/W2899084096","https://openalex.org/W4302570658"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"research-to-practice":[1],"full":[2],"paper":[3],"describes":[4],"a":[5,22,129],"study":[6,101],"on":[7,138,156,212],"specific":[8],"eye":[9,111],"metrics":[10,112],"data":[11,204],"and":[12,31,40,67,73,95,105,118,127,164,221],"the":[13,90,157,169,175,179,201,207,213,218,223],"possible":[14],"correlations":[15],"with":[16,153,189],"students'":[17,83,97,115,170],"comprehension":[18,55,125,240],"level.":[19],"There":[20],"is":[21],"consensus":[23],"understanding":[24],"in":[25,86,192],"academia":[26],"that":[27,80,206],"providing":[28],"feedback":[29],"early":[30,236],"often":[32],"significantly":[33],"helps":[34],"students":[35,64,134,191,209],"as":[36,44],"problems":[37],"are":[38],"identified":[39],"remedied":[41],"early.":[42],"However,":[43],"class":[45],"sizes":[46],"increase,":[47],"this":[48],"becomes":[49],"more":[50,211],"difficult":[51],"to":[52,113,132,178,217,227],"achieve.":[53],"Code":[54],"techniques":[56],"can":[57,93],"be":[58,235],"helpful":[59],"for":[60],"educators":[61,92],"by":[62,81],"identifying":[63],"needing":[65,135],"assistance":[66],"guide":[68],"them":[69],"toward":[70],"academic":[71],"success":[72],"mastery":[74],"of":[75,89,144,168,174,231,238],"coding":[76,98,124,150],"concepts.":[77],"We":[78,120,182],"hypothesize":[79],"analyzing":[82],"gaze":[84],"patterns":[85,140,233],"certain":[87],"regions":[88],"code,":[91],"assess":[94,114],"address":[96],"challenges.":[99,119,241],"The":[100,147,229],"distinguishes":[102],"between":[103],"frequently":[104,215],"infrequently":[106],"fixated":[107,210],"code":[108,176,188,224,239],"regions,":[109],"using":[110,186],"error":[116],"perception":[117],"examined":[121],"eye-tracking":[122,203],"during":[123],"exercises":[126,151],"proposed":[128],"systematic":[130],"method":[131,219],"identify":[133],"help":[136],"based":[137],"fixation":[139,162,166],"within":[141,172],"Targeted":[142],"Regions":[143],"Interest":[145],"(TROIs).":[146],"methodology":[148],"uses":[149],"seeded":[152],"errors,":[154],"grades":[155],"tasks,":[158],"student":[159],"feedback,":[160],"measured":[161],"counts,":[163],"average":[165],"durations":[167],"eyes":[171],"TROIs":[173],"compared":[177],"rest":[180],"code.":[181],"conducted":[183],"preliminary":[184],"experiments":[185],"Java":[187],"10":[190],"an":[193],"introductory":[194],"programming":[195],"course.":[196],"Our":[197],"initial":[198],"findings":[199],"from":[200,225],"collected":[202],"showed":[205],"high-scoring":[208],"TROIs,":[214],"backtracked":[216],"definition,":[220],"skimmed":[222],"top":[226],"bottom.":[228],"absence":[230],"these":[232],"could":[234],"indicators":[237]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-12-21T01:58:51.020947","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
