{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4390621433","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fie58773.2023.10343358","title":"Physical Computational Models for Horizontal Learning in STEM","display_name":"Physical Computational Models for Horizontal Learning in STEM","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-10-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4390621433","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fie58773.2023.10343358"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/fie58773.2023.10343358","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/fie58773.2023.10343358","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022731801","display_name":"Ting Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0481-5392"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91045830","display_name":"Texas A&M University","ror":"https://ror.org/01f5ytq51","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ting Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Texas A&#x0026;M University,College Station,Texas,USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Texas A&#x0026;M University,College Station,Texas,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083022890","display_name":"Francis Quek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9040-7113"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91045830","display_name":"Texas A&M University","ror":"https://ror.org/01f5ytq51","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francis Quek","raw_affiliation_strings":["Texas A&#x0026;M University,College Station,Texas,USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Texas A&#x0026;M University,College Station,Texas,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072836826","display_name":"Glen Hordemann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3204-7164"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91045830","display_name":"Texas A&M University","ror":"https://ror.org/01f5ytq51","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Glen Hordemann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Texas A&#x0026;M University,College Station,Texas,USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Texas A&#x0026;M University,College Station,Texas,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5022731801"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6614,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85691849,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"9"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10636","display_name":"Innovative Teaching and Learning Methods","score":0.9868000149726868,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10636","display_name":"Innovative Teaching and Learning Methods","score":0.9868000149726868,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":0.9781000018119812,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11902","display_name":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","score":0.9613999724388123,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6321506500244141}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6321506500244141}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/fie58773.2023.10343358","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/fie58773.2023.10343358","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.6600000262260437}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6291759459","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DRL-1934173","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W21027582","https://openalex.org/W131038430","https://openalex.org/W147675537","https://openalex.org/W651732454","https://openalex.org/W840785250","https://openalex.org/W1777119744","https://openalex.org/W1900422729","https://openalex.org/W2005706789","https://openalex.org/W2028078041","https://openalex.org/W2068910005","https://openalex.org/W2092301601","https://openalex.org/W2106170300","https://openalex.org/W2129458299","https://openalex.org/W2139894798","https://openalex.org/W2143933046","https://openalex.org/W2150067583","https://openalex.org/W2151271326","https://openalex.org/W2214999073","https://openalex.org/W2257529602","https://openalex.org/W2290880865","https://openalex.org/W2299484695","https://openalex.org/W2492304725","https://openalex.org/W2555885189","https://openalex.org/W2558228180","https://openalex.org/W2761050638","https://openalex.org/W2808421535","https://openalex.org/W2990074833","https://openalex.org/W3036814276","https://openalex.org/W3037053496","https://openalex.org/W3092836821","https://openalex.org/W3135320650","https://openalex.org/W3139722669","https://openalex.org/W3154741047","https://openalex.org/W3180597377","https://openalex.org/W4238621685","https://openalex.org/W4241136112","https://openalex.org/W4242118307","https://openalex.org/W4245171524","https://openalex.org/W4308126618","https://openalex.org/W6600842985","https://openalex.org/W6623626768","https://openalex.org/W6688483430","https://openalex.org/W6749408669"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052","https://openalex.org/W4402327032","https://openalex.org/W2382290278"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"\u201cWhat":[0],"are":[1,17,177],"we":[2,237,260,295],"learning":[3,49,199,225,279,307],"this":[4,175,198,205],"for?\u201d":[5],"is":[6,62],"a":[7,84,142,161,208,239],"common":[8],"refrain":[9],"heard":[10],"in":[11,26,36,111,193,256,281,314],"education.":[12],"Showing":[13],"how":[14,42,57,88,96,115,178],"engineering":[15],"practices":[16],"relevant":[18,63],"to":[19,31,53,64,77,102,122,190,196,273],"everyday":[20],"needs":[21],"like":[22],"building":[23],"science":[24,79,106,112,132,144,168,180,220],"models":[25,100,120,133],"K-12":[27],"classes":[28],"may":[29,50,82,183],"lead":[30],"greater":[32],"motivation":[33],"for":[34,212,262],"students":[35,52,81,110],"STEM":[37],"learning.":[38],"This":[39,253],"paper":[40,206,254],"investigates":[41],"horizontal":[43],"integration":[44,276],"of":[45,48,60,87,105,137,164,174,224,277],"different":[46],"streams":[47,280,316],"enable":[51],"see":[54,114],"why":[55],"and":[56,72,75,95,125,134,139,186,233,267,286,289],"each":[58],"element":[59],"knowledge":[61,148],"the":[65,89,103,135,147,156,179,194,213,275,278,297,305],"whole.":[66],"By":[67,291],"combining":[68],"microcontroller-based":[69],"electronics,":[70,285],"programming,":[71],"3D":[73,287],"design":[74,210,288],"fabrication":[76],"build":[78],"models,":[80],"develop":[83],"stronger":[85],"appreciation":[86],"component":[90,157],"technologies":[91,158],"interrelate":[92],"(internal":[93],"contextualization)":[94],"these":[97,203,315],"integrated":[98],"computational":[99],"contribute":[101],"enterprise":[104],"(external":[107],"contextualization).":[108],"Furthermore,":[109],"classrooms":[113,272],"computation":[116,140],"can":[117],"make":[118,146],"physical":[119],"dynamic":[121],"represent":[123],"changes":[124],"relationships":[126],"more":[127],"effectively.":[128],"The":[129,171],"implicit":[130],"representational":[131],"incorporation":[136],"technology":[138],"into":[141],"regular":[143],"curriculum":[145],"transferable":[149],"beyond":[150],"an":[151],"individual":[152],"lesson.":[153],"Students":[154],"learn":[155],"cumulatively":[159],"through":[160],"sustained":[162],"process":[163,211],"engagement":[165],"across":[166,226,317],"multiple":[167,318],"modeling":[169,181],"projects.":[170],"major":[172],"challenges":[173],"approach":[176,247,302],"projects":[182],"be":[184,191],"designed":[185],"what":[187],"factors":[188],"have":[189],"considered":[192],"designs":[195],"realize":[197],"progression.":[200],"To":[201],"answer":[202],"questions,":[204],"describes":[207],"rigorous":[209],"Physical":[214],"Computational":[215],"Models":[216],"(PCMs)":[217],"that":[218,300],"incorporates":[219],"model":[221],"correctness,":[222],"progression":[223],"all":[227],"streams,":[228],"pedagogical":[229],"efficacy,":[230],"classroom":[231],"dynamics":[232],"manufacturability.":[234],"In":[235],"addition,":[236],"implemented":[238],"year-long":[240],"project":[241],"using":[242],"our":[243,301],"Horizontal":[244],"Learning":[245],"(HL)":[246],"at":[248],"two":[249,258,311],"local":[250],"public":[251],"schools.":[252],"reports":[255],"detail":[257],"PCMs":[259],"developed":[261],"authentic":[263],"5<sup":[264],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[265,269],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">th</sup>":[266,270],"6<sup":[268],"grade":[271],"illustrate":[274],"science,":[282],"computing,":[283],"digital":[284],"fabrication.":[290],"analyzing":[292],"three":[293],"lessons":[294],"developed,":[296],"result":[298],"demonstrated":[299],"did":[303],"produce":[304],"incremental":[306],"progressions":[308],"characterized":[309],"by":[310],"primary":[312],"principles":[313],"HL":[319],"interventions.":[320]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-25T13:04:00.132906","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}