{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4390621399","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fie58773.2023.10343357","title":"Predicting Students' Software Engineering Class Performance with Machine Learning and Pre-Class GitHub Metrics","display_name":"Predicting Students' Software Engineering Class Performance with Machine Learning and Pre-Class GitHub Metrics","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-10-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4390621399","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fie58773.2023.10343357"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/fie58773.2023.10343357","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fie58773.2023.10343357","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044950762","display_name":"Jialin Cui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3443-9583"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137902535","display_name":"North Carolina State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04tj63d06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jialin Cui","raw_affiliation_strings":["North Carolina State University,Department of Computer Science,Raleigh,USA","Department of Computer Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"North Carolina State University,Department of Computer Science,Raleigh,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081022501","display_name":"Fangtong Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0750-1441"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137902535","display_name":"North Carolina State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04tj63d06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fangtong Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["North Carolina State University,Department of Computer Science,Raleigh,USA","Department of Computer Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"North Carolina State University,Department of Computer Science,Raleigh,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039132410","display_name":"Runqiu Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2320-1727"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51556381","display_name":"University of Virginia","ror":"https://ror.org/0153tk833","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Runqiu Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Virginia,Department of Statistics,Charlottesville,USA","Department of Statistics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Virginia,Department of Statistics,Charlottesville,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Statistics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089835154","display_name":"Ruochi Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5599-013X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137902535","display_name":"North Carolina State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04tj63d06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruochi Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["North Carolina State University,Department of Computer Science,Raleigh,USA","Department of Computer Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"North Carolina State University,Department of Computer Science,Raleigh,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031824581","display_name":"Chengyuan Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8690-8698"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137902535","display_name":"North Carolina State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04tj63d06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chengyuan Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["North Carolina State University,Department of Computer Science,Raleigh,USA","Department of Computer Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"North Carolina State University,Department of Computer Science,Raleigh,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040537321","display_name":"Edward F. Gehringer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5217-2643"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137902535","display_name":"North Carolina State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04tj63d06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ed Gehringer","raw_affiliation_strings":["North Carolina State University,Department of Computer Science,Raleigh,USA","Department of Computer Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"North Carolina State University,Department of Computer Science,Raleigh,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5044950762"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3847,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8694289,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"9"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11122","display_name":"Online Learning and Analytics","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11122","display_name":"Online Learning and Analytics","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9822999835014343,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12127","display_name":"Software System Performance and Reliability","score":0.9811999797821045,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7618156671524048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.7553013563156128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.736840009689331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6373639106750488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaboost","display_name":"AdaBoost","score":0.6022315621376038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/documentation","display_name":"Documentation","score":0.5953774452209473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.49008357524871826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ensemble-learning","display_name":"Ensemble learning","score":0.4475730061531067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.21132507920265198}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7618156671524048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.7553013563156128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.736840009689331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6373639106750488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141404830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2823869","display_name":"AdaBoost","level":3,"score":0.6022315621376038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56666940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788790","display_name":"Documentation","level":2,"score":0.5953774452209473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.49008357524871826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45942800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245652","display_name":"Ensemble learning","level":2,"score":0.4475730061531067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.21132507920265198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/fie58773.2023.10343357","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fie58773.2023.10343357","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.8100000023841858}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W173866368","https://openalex.org/W349770100","https://openalex.org/W1507539036","https://openalex.org/W1549656520","https://openalex.org/W1649645444","https://openalex.org/W1967320885","https://openalex.org/W1983248922","https://openalex.org/W1985654158","https://openalex.org/W1988790447","https://openalex.org/W1996945025","https://openalex.org/W2101234009","https://openalex.org/W2112328469","https://openalex.org/W2295598076","https://openalex.org/W2519365675","https://openalex.org/W2522356742","https://openalex.org/W2547769691","https://openalex.org/W2558171996","https://openalex.org/W2558331558","https://openalex.org/W2592949236","https://openalex.org/W2935686048","https://openalex.org/W3080194465","https://openalex.org/W3191723577","https://openalex.org/W4211006285","https://openalex.org/W4212774754","https://openalex.org/W4301003819","https://openalex.org/W4312286635","https://openalex.org/W4382652749","https://openalex.org/W6611762666","https://openalex.org/W6636501900","https://openalex.org/W6675354045","https://openalex.org/W6766978945"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4382315444","https://openalex.org/W4233259193","https://openalex.org/W2600353413","https://openalex.org/W2432727369","https://openalex.org/W4390916549","https://openalex.org/W4381298925","https://openalex.org/W4285213578","https://openalex.org/W2097856925","https://openalex.org/W4298012357","https://openalex.org/W3210229324"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Research":[0],"into":[1],"predicting":[2,107,196],"students'":[3,96,127,197],"performance":[4,20,75,149,159,198],"in":[5,21,35,76,86,106,199,220],"computer":[6,36],"science":[7],"classes":[8],"has":[9,252],"been":[10,30,55],"conducted":[11],"globally":[12],"for":[13,195,206,280],"over":[14,116],"five":[15,117],"decades.":[16],"Numerous":[17],"metrics,":[18,66],"including":[19,122],"prior":[22,250],"courses,":[23],"demographic":[24],"information,":[25],"and":[26,49,119,134,176],"programming":[27],"experience,":[28],"have":[29,53],"used":[31],"to":[32,146,227,258],"predict":[33,95,147,259],"success":[34],"science.":[37],"Various":[38],"analytical":[39],"methods,":[40,48],"such":[41,171],"as":[42,172],"linear":[43],"regression,":[44],"decision":[45],"trees,":[46],"ensemble":[47],"even":[50],"neural":[51],"networks,":[52],"also":[54],"explored.":[56],"In":[57],"this":[58,87,273],"study,":[59],"we":[60],"investigate":[61],"whether":[62],"pre-class":[63,91,123,151,186,234],"GitHub":[64,92,124,152,187,235],"contribution":[65,93,125,188],"combined":[67],"with":[68,245],"machine":[69,100,140,166],"learning":[70,101,141,167],"techniques,":[71],"can":[72,90,160,190,210,274],"forecast":[73],"student":[74,108,260],"a":[77,192,238,242],"software":[78,200],"engineering":[79,201],"class.":[80],"We":[81,110,271],"address":[82],"two":[83],"research":[84,251],"questions":[85],"paper.":[88],"Firstly,":[89],"metrics":[94,189],"performance?":[97,109],"Secondly,":[98],"which":[99],"technique":[102],"is":[103],"most":[104,277],"effective":[105],"collected":[111],"data":[112,257],"from":[113,267],"802":[114],"students":[115,215,266],"years":[118],"11":[120],"semesters,":[121],"stats,":[126],"exam":[128,158],"grades,":[129,131,133],"project":[130],"documentation":[132],"review":[135],"writing":[136],"grades.":[137],"Eight":[138],"different":[139],"methods":[142,170],"were":[143],"then":[144],"tested":[145],"in-class":[148,256],"using":[150,255],"contributions.":[153],"Our":[154,230],"results":[155],"indicate":[156],"that":[157,185],"be":[161,191],"relatively":[162],"accurately":[163],"predicted":[164],"by":[165],"methods.":[168,182],"Ensemble":[169],"Random":[173],"Forest,":[174],"AdaBoost,":[175],"XGBoost":[177],"performed":[178],"better":[179],"than":[180],"other":[181],"This":[183,208],"suggests":[184],"useful":[193],"tool":[194],"classes,":[202],"carrying":[203],"significant":[204],"implications":[205],"educators.":[207],"approach":[209,263],"help":[211],"educators":[212],"identify":[213],"at-risk":[214],"at":[216],"the":[217,221,246,268,276],"earliest":[218],"point":[219],"class,":[222],"enabling":[223],"early":[224],"intervention":[225],"strategies":[226],"prevent":[228],"failure.":[229],"study":[231],"uniquely":[232],"utilizes":[233],"contributions,":[236],"providing":[237],"preliminary":[239],"indication":[240],"of":[241],"student's":[243],"familiarity":[244],"course":[247],"material.":[248],"While":[249],"focused":[253],"on":[254],"performance,":[261],"our":[262],"identifies":[264],"struggling":[265],"very":[269],"beginning.":[270],"believe":[272],"provide":[275],"beneficial":[278],"support":[279],"students.":[281]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
