{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4390621391","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fie58773.2023.10343277","title":"Developing a Scale to Measure Student Social and Cognitive Engagement in Online Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math Courses","display_name":"Developing a Scale to Measure Student Social and Cognitive Engagement in Online Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math Courses","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-10-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4390621391","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fie58773.2023.10343277"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/fie58773.2023.10343277","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/fie58773.2023.10343277","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093659809","display_name":"Navid Yaghoubisharif","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131249849","display_name":"Oregon State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ysfqy60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131249849"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Navid Yaghoubisharif","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oregon State University,Civil and Construction Engineering,Corvallis,OR","Civil and Construction Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oregon State University,Civil and Construction Engineering,Corvallis,OR","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131249849"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Civil and Construction Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131249849"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062443816","display_name":"Shane Brown","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3669-8407"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131249849","display_name":"Oregon State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ysfqy60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131249849"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shane A. Brown","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oregon State University,Civil and Construction Engineering,Corvallis,OR","Civil and Construction Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oregon State University,Civil and Construction Engineering,Corvallis,OR","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131249849"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Civil and Construction Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131249849"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074136082","display_name":"Allyson Barlow","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6774-3189"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1296747019","display_name":"United Parcel Service (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01nc0cp29","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1296747019"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I928991512","display_name":"Hexcel (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/024x5f906","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I928991512"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Allyson Barlow","raw_affiliation_strings":["toXcel LLC,Gainsville,VA","toXcel LLC, Gainsville, VA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"toXcel LLC,Gainsville,VA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1296747019"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"toXcel LLC, Gainsville, VA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I928991512"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5093659809"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131249849"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4154,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.69826699,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10636","display_name":"Innovative Teaching and Learning Methods","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10636","display_name":"Innovative Teaching and Learning Methods","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10162","display_name":"Online and Blended Learning","score":0.9907000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11122","display_name":"Online Learning and Analytics","score":0.9876999855041504,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/student-engagement","display_name":"Student engagement","score":0.6450618505477905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.6349583268165588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5860449075698853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/construct","display_name":"Construct (python library)","score":0.565650463104248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/popularity","display_name":"Popularity","score":0.5093430280685425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics-education","display_name":"Mathematics education","score":0.502889096736908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.4845815896987915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.43611985445022583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognition","display_name":"Cognition","score":0.41416794061660767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-management","display_name":"Knowledge management","score":0.36540207266807556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.15202656388282776}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194519906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7627827","display_name":"Student engagement","level":2,"score":0.6450618505477905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.6349583268165588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5860449075698853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164392","display_name":"Construct (python library)","level":2,"score":0.565650463104248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586970","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1357284","display_name":"Popularity","level":2,"score":0.5093430280685425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.502889096736908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4845815896987915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.43611985445022583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.41416794061660767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.36540207266807556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.15202656388282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/fie58773.2023.10343277","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/fie58773.2023.10343277","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.6200000047683716,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1815596065","https://openalex.org/W1955826078","https://openalex.org/W1977182891","https://openalex.org/W1983412528","https://openalex.org/W1993723258","https://openalex.org/W2046805344","https://openalex.org/W2071708523","https://openalex.org/W2108617939","https://openalex.org/W2160172778","https://openalex.org/W2169570446","https://openalex.org/W2286110194","https://openalex.org/W2588855640","https://openalex.org/W2769669737","https://openalex.org/W2792695307","https://openalex.org/W2844743642","https://openalex.org/W2896548965","https://openalex.org/W2903274144","https://openalex.org/W2907510644","https://openalex.org/W2955726958","https://openalex.org/W2966366213","https://openalex.org/W2968893733","https://openalex.org/W3028623029","https://openalex.org/W3033823890","https://openalex.org/W3144223298","https://openalex.org/W4231003933","https://openalex.org/W4248773162","https://openalex.org/W4298170291","https://openalex.org/W6638510884","https://openalex.org/W6755422596"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2368605798","https://openalex.org/W2518037665","https://openalex.org/W2348524959","https://openalex.org/W2477036161","https://openalex.org/W2368049389","https://openalex.org/W2384861574","https://openalex.org/W4294565801","https://openalex.org/W2170801710","https://openalex.org/W102445941","https://openalex.org/W2093324316"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"online":[1,47,75,335],"learning":[2,28,76],"grows":[3],"in":[4,15,26,46,74,85,95,126,327,334],"popularity,":[5],"educators":[6,61],"must":[7],"learn":[8],"how":[9],"to":[10,82,91,106,119,141,319],"engage":[11,25],"their":[12,27],"students":[13,22,50],"effectively":[14],"this":[16,86,138,309],"format.":[17],"Previous":[18],"studies":[19],"indicate":[20],"that":[21,99,312],"who":[23,36],"actively":[24,39],"experience":[29],"more":[30],"significant":[31],"academic":[32],"progress":[33],"than":[34],"those":[35],"are":[37],"less":[38],"involved.":[40],"Active":[41],"engagement":[42,73,94,125,333],"is":[43,79,89,128],"especially":[44],"crucial":[45],"settings,":[48],"where":[49],"may":[51,62],"feel":[52],"detached":[53],"and":[54,71,123,135,168,203,222,233,264,303,331],"disengaged":[55],"from":[56],"course":[57],"instruction.":[58],"Because":[59],"STEM":[60,127,336],"struggle":[63],"with":[64,177,189,278],"understanding":[65],"all":[66],"the":[67,107,114,165,178,196,200,204,213,231,236,244,251,257,262,267,274,287,290],"complexities":[68],"surrounding":[69],"social":[70,122,330],"cognitive":[72,124,332],"environments,":[77],"it":[78,84],"particularly":[80],"relevant":[81,181,201],"measure":[83,92],"context.":[87],"It":[88],"essential":[90],"student":[93,121,329],"such":[96,143],"a":[97,129,144,161,185,216,283],"way":[98],"instructors":[100],"can":[101],"make":[102],"valuable":[103],"insights":[104],"leading":[105],"implementation":[108,252],"of":[109,116,164,174,180,187,195,215,235,241,253,256,261,266,273,295],"effective":[110],"instructional":[111,136],"strategies.":[112],"Therefore,":[113],"development":[115,214],"suitable":[117],"tools":[118],"assess":[120],"pressing":[130],"requirement":[131],"for":[132,150],"both":[133],"research":[134,245],"purposes;":[137],"study":[139,179,310],"seeks":[140],"develop":[142],"scale.":[145,269],"Established":[146],"procedures":[147],"were":[148,225,316],"implemented":[149],"scale":[151,169,237,242,288,323],"development,":[152],"including":[153],"construct":[154],"definition,":[155],"item":[156,166,209],"pool":[157],"generation,":[158],"measurement":[159],"format,":[160],"comprehensive":[162],"overview":[163],"pools,":[167],"validation":[170],"procedures.":[171],"The":[172,218,270],"definition":[173],"constructs":[175,315],"began":[176],"literature,":[182],"followed":[183,211],"by":[184,199,212],"series":[186],"interviews":[188,205],"33":[190],"students.":[191],"A":[192],"detailed":[193],"analysis":[194],"data":[197],"gathered":[198],"resources":[202],"helped":[206],"create":[207],"an":[208],"pool,":[210],"survey.":[217],"survey":[219],"was":[220,276],"implemented,":[221],"184":[223],"responses":[224],"completed.":[226],"This":[227],"paper":[228],"reports":[229],"on":[230,306],"processes":[232],"findings":[234],"development.":[238],"In":[239],"terms":[240],"validity,":[243],"team":[246],"obtained":[247],"supporting":[248],"evidence":[249,260],"through":[250],"multiple":[254,314],"iterations":[255],"survey,":[258],"providing":[259],"reliability":[263],"accuracy":[265],"developed":[268],"factor":[271,280,285],"structure":[272],"measures":[275],"confirmed":[277],"exploratory":[279],"analysis.":[281],"Through":[282],"confirmatory":[284],"analysis,":[286],"showed":[289],"best":[291],"empirical":[292],"fit":[293],"consisted":[294],"five":[296],"factors:":[297],"Course":[298],"Knowledge,":[299],"Availability,":[300],"Connectedness,":[301],"Interactivity,":[302],"Metacognition.":[304],"Building":[305],"previous":[307],"research,":[308],"revealed":[311],"developing":[313],"relatively":[317],"similar":[318],"each":[320],"other.":[321],"Our":[322],"will":[324],"be":[325],"useful":[326],"assessing":[328],"courses.":[337]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-25T13:04:00.132906","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}