{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4200045586","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fie49875.2021.9637416","title":"What Makes Computational Thinking so Troublesome?","display_name":"What Makes Computational Thinking so Troublesome?","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-10-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4200045586","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fie49875.2021.9637416"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/fie49875.2021.9637416","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fie49875.2021.9637416","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607796","display_name":"2021 IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091360365","display_name":"Arnold Pears","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5184-4743"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86987016","display_name":"KTH Royal Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/026vcq606","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arnold Pears","raw_affiliation_strings":["KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5184-4743","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050967195","display_name":"Matti Tedre","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1037-3313"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I175532246","display_name":"University of Eastern Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/00cyydd11","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I175532246"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matti Tedre","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1037-3313","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I175532246"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053463604","display_name":"Teemu Valtonen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1803-9865"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I175532246","display_name":"University of Eastern Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/00cyydd11","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I175532246"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Teemu Valtonen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Applied Educational Science and Teacher Education, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1803-9865","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Applied Educational Science and Teacher Education, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I175532246"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083898518","display_name":"Henriikka Vartiainen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6005-907X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I175532246","display_name":"University of Eastern Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/00cyydd11","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I175532246"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Henriikka Vartiainen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Applied Educational Science and Teacher Education, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6005-907X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Applied Educational Science and Teacher Education, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I175532246"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.6361,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":29,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97807684,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.946399986743927,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10904","display_name":"Embedded Systems Design Techniques","score":0.9430999755859375,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mainstream","display_name":"Mainstream","score":0.7941142320632935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-thinking","display_name":"Computational thinking","score":0.7556575536727905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/curriculum","display_name":"Curriculum","score":0.7267490029335022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering-ethics","display_name":"Engineering ethics","score":0.5664432048797607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5621530413627625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heading","display_name":"Heading (navigation)","score":0.5308844447135925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.5238825678825378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.47733503580093384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/management-science","display_name":"Management science","score":0.42775851488113403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics-education","display_name":"Mathematics education","score":0.35911324620246887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.27428168058395386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pedagogy","display_name":"Pedagogy","score":0.22150307893753052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.22021058201789856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.17208662629127502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.16856175661087036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.10257679224014282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.09292247891426086}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777617010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18957","display_name":"Mainstream","level":2,"score":0.7941142320632935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780368719","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5157342","display_name":"Computational thinking","level":2,"score":0.7556575536727905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47177190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207137","display_name":"Curriculum","level":2,"score":0.7267490029335022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55587333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1133029","display_name":"Engineering ethics","level":1,"score":0.5664432048797607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5621530413627625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776937971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4384217","display_name":"Heading (navigation)","level":2,"score":0.5308844447135925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5238825678825378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.47733503580093384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.42775851488113403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.35911324620246887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.27428168058395386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.22150307893753052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.22021058201789856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.17208662629127502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.16856175661087036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.10257679224014282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.09292247891426086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/fie49875.2021.9637416","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fie49875.2021.9637416","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607796","display_name":"2021 IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.8500000238418579,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G453205721","display_name":"Future Teachers Education: Computational Thinking and STEAM","funder_award_id":"2019-1-LT01-KA203-060767","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335551","funder_display_name":"Erasmus+"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335551","display_name":"Erasmus+","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W20464340","https://openalex.org/W570009404","https://openalex.org/W1515523059","https://openalex.org/W1586825008","https://openalex.org/W1597784966","https://openalex.org/W1631150390","https://openalex.org/W1705210632","https://openalex.org/W1970953601","https://openalex.org/W1982233746","https://openalex.org/W1985449307","https://openalex.org/W1991469716","https://openalex.org/W2018037215","https://openalex.org/W2034892828","https://openalex.org/W2051133042","https://openalex.org/W2097399077","https://openalex.org/W2124209077","https://openalex.org/W2129337727","https://openalex.org/W2158035776","https://openalex.org/W2283554803","https://openalex.org/W2500787716","https://openalex.org/W2554181311","https://openalex.org/W2556157853","https://openalex.org/W2617400317","https://openalex.org/W2769515958","https://openalex.org/W2795728764","https://openalex.org/W2951338992","https://openalex.org/W2952699797","https://openalex.org/W2963628590","https://openalex.org/W2981401584","https://openalex.org/W2997493868","https://openalex.org/W2998595140","https://openalex.org/W3111894497","https://openalex.org/W3135891433","https://openalex.org/W3204379126","https://openalex.org/W4231094922","https://openalex.org/W4245144701","https://openalex.org/W6750431795","https://openalex.org/W6811467901"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4244052565","https://openalex.org/W2358719579","https://openalex.org/W1583826057","https://openalex.org/W4252778923","https://openalex.org/W2377237701","https://openalex.org/W2385042721","https://openalex.org/W2367929022","https://openalex.org/W2360099860","https://openalex.org/W4323893170","https://openalex.org/W2352463596"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,102],"Research":[1],"Full":[2],"Paper":[3],"addresses":[4],"the":[5,18,24,40,50,72,86,111,117,120,124,134,148,159,165],"definition":[6],"and":[7,30,46,66,71,107,115,126,138,171],"implementation":[8],"of":[9,20,26,35,49,55,74,91,99,113,123,128,147,168],"Computational":[10],"Thinking":[11],"(CT)":[12],"in":[13,28,85,110,145],"K-12":[14,169],"education.":[15],"CT":[16,141],"is":[17,142,153],"focus":[19],"ongoing":[21],"debate":[22],"about":[23],"future":[25,108,149,166],"computing":[27,152],"schools,":[29],"this":[31],"poses":[32],"a":[33,56,97],"number":[34,98],"challenges.":[36],"Early":[37],"discussions":[38],"on":[39,62,69,119],"topic":[41],"were":[42],"plagued":[43],"by":[44,157],"vague":[45],"all-encompassing":[47],"definitions":[48],"term,":[51],"which":[52,151],"raised":[53],"awareness":[54],"need":[57],"for":[58,140,164],"school":[59],"learning":[60],"focused":[61],"emerging":[63],"computational":[64,129],"systems":[65],"their":[67],"impact":[68],"society":[70],"lives":[73],"citizens,":[75],"but":[76],"failed":[77],"to":[78],"address":[79],"what":[80],"should":[81],"actually":[82],"be":[83],"included":[84],"revised":[87],"curricula.":[88],"As":[89],"some":[90,105],"those":[92],"issues":[93],"have":[94,163],"been":[95],"addressed,":[96],"problems":[100],"remain.":[101],"paper":[103],"analyses":[104],"recent":[106],"developments":[109],"field":[112],"computing,":[114],"expands":[116],"discussion":[118],"vexed":[121],"question":[122],"nature":[125],"limits":[127],"thinking.":[130],"We":[131,155],"ask":[132],"whether":[133],"current":[135],"mainstream":[136],"literature":[137],"curriculum":[139],"well":[143],"positioned":[144],"terms":[146],"towards":[150],"heading.":[154],"conclude":[156],"summarising":[158],"implications":[160],"these":[161],"questions":[162],"development":[167],"curricula":[170],"teaching":[172],"practices.":[173]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
