{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4200611995","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fie49875.2021.9637404","title":"Lessons Learnt Conducting Capture the Flag CyberSecurity Competition during COVID-19","display_name":"Lessons Learnt Conducting Capture the Flag CyberSecurity Competition during COVID-19","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-10-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4200611995","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fie49875.2021.9637404"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/fie49875.2021.9637404","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fie49875.2021.9637404","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607796","display_name":"2021 IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://ink.library.smu.edu.sg/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=7595&context=sis_research","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013734476","display_name":"Kee Hock Tan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802950585","display_name":"Defence Science and Technology Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02rvm6b03","country_code":"SG","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1325159990","https://openalex.org/I2802950585"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kee Hock Tan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cyber Security Group Government Technology Agency, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cyber Security Group Government Technology Agency, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802950585"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041682105","display_name":"Eng Lieh Ouh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7759-348X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79891267","display_name":"Singapore Management University","ror":"https://ror.org/050qmg959","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79891267"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eng Lieh Ouh","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing and Information Systems Singapore Management University, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing and Information Systems Singapore Management University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79891267"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.53,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89363948,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"9"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10731","display_name":"Educational Games and Gamification","score":0.9927999973297119,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10731","display_name":"Educational Games and Gamification","score":0.9927999973297119,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":0.9879999756813049,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13280","display_name":"Biomedical and Engineering Education","score":0.9794999957084656,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/competition","display_name":"Competition (biology)","score":0.7959023714065552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coronavirus-disease-2019","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","score":0.588301420211792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flag","display_name":"Flag (linear algebra)","score":0.571337103843689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pandemic","display_name":"Pandemic","score":0.561014711856842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cheating","display_name":"Cheating","score":0.55256187915802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.4729169011116028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.46048152446746826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-relations","display_name":"Public relations","score":0.3348379135131836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.2342972755432129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.22533255815505981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.09252172708511353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.08139914274215698}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91306197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45767","display_name":"Competition (biology)","level":2,"score":0.7959023714065552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3008058167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84263196","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","level":4,"score":0.588301420211792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776730729","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1392130","display_name":"Flag (linear algebra)","level":3,"score":0.571337103843689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89623803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12184","display_name":"Pandemic","level":5,"score":0.561014711856842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778024590","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2357432","display_name":"Cheating","level":2,"score":0.55256187915802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.4729169011116028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.46048152446746826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.3348379135131836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.2342972755432129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.22533255815505981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.09252172708511353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.08139914274215698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136119220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1000660","display_name":"Algebra over a field","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524204448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788926","display_name":"Infectious disease (medical specialty)","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/fie49875.2021.9637404","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fie49875.2021.9637404","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607796","display_name":"2021 IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ink.library.smu.edu.sg:sis_research-7595","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ink.library.smu.edu.sg/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=7595&context=sis_research","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401925","display_name":"Singapore Management University Institutional Knowledge (InK) (Singapore Management University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79891267","host_organization_name":"Singapore Management University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79891267"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FIE49875.2021.9637404","raw_type":"Conference Proceeding Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ink.library.smu.edu.sg:sis_research-7595","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ink.library.smu.edu.sg/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=7595&context=sis_research","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401925","display_name":"Singapore Management University Institutional Knowledge (InK) (Singapore Management University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79891267","host_organization_name":"Singapore Management University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79891267"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FIE49875.2021.9637404","raw_type":"Conference Proceeding Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6200000047683716,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1275275757","https://openalex.org/W1584091223","https://openalex.org/W2052714158","https://openalex.org/W2186626468","https://openalex.org/W2293328109","https://openalex.org/W2505378182","https://openalex.org/W2593444650","https://openalex.org/W2752856842","https://openalex.org/W2757451536","https://openalex.org/W2908873094","https://openalex.org/W2984798626","https://openalex.org/W2997904027","https://openalex.org/W3010400280","https://openalex.org/W3104779215","https://openalex.org/W3112243536","https://openalex.org/W6628199817","https://openalex.org/W6634823778","https://openalex.org/W6687281273","https://openalex.org/W6724765717","https://openalex.org/W6743725356","https://openalex.org/W6787675152","https://openalex.org/W7018888713"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2012288173","https://openalex.org/W1968538666","https://openalex.org/W2097662580","https://openalex.org/W3199302685","https://openalex.org/W2344072770","https://openalex.org/W2389163612","https://openalex.org/W2065650938","https://openalex.org/W2365256465","https://openalex.org/W2363831685","https://openalex.org/W3046517191"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,179],"innovative":[1],"practice":[2],"full":[3],"paper":[4,180],"describes":[5,181],"our":[6,41,135,142,155,191,268,305],"experiences":[7],"conducting":[8],"cybersecurity":[9,16,38,66,202,335],"capture":[10,56],"the":[11,31,57,112,139,145,167,195,201,208,258,272,290,295,301,330],"flag":[12,58],"(CTF)":[13],"competition":[14,59,157,188,196,302],"for":[15,40,128,184,190,267,318],"enthusiast":[17],"participants":[18,42,70,146,149,265],"(inclusive":[19],"of":[20,37,65,141,260,274,333],"both":[21],"tertiary":[22],"students":[23],"and":[24,28,35,74,95,147,159,199,270,303,314],"working":[25],"professionals)":[26],"local":[27,174],"abroad":[29],"during":[30,166,294],"COVID-19":[32,113,168],"pandemic.":[33],"Learning":[34],"appreciation":[36],"concepts":[39,82],"with":[43,144,173,234,271],"little":[44],"to":[45,68,79,124,153,204,216,225,242,248,253,324,328],"no":[46],"technical":[47],"background":[48],"can":[49,103],"be":[50,104,205],"challenging.":[51],"Gamification":[52],"methods":[53],"such":[54],"as":[55,177],"style":[60],"is":[61,171,221],"a":[62,84,163,185,230,254],"popular":[63],"form":[64],"education":[67],"help":[69,273],"overcome":[71],"this":[72,281],"challenge":[73],"identify":[75],"talents.":[76],"Participants":[77],"get":[78],"apply":[80],"theoretical":[81],"in":[83,90,162,229,238],"controlled":[85],"environment,":[86],"solve":[87],"hands-on":[88,97],"tasks":[89],"an":[91],"informal,":[92],"game-like":[93],"setting":[94],"gain":[96],"active":[98],"learning":[99,331],"experience.":[100],"CTF":[101,130,156,187,285,327],"competitions":[102],"held":[105,122],"at":[106],"physical":[107,129,136,210,231,255,261],"locations":[108],"or":[109,320],"virtually.":[110],"However,":[111,233],"pandemic":[114,133,169,175],"catalyses":[115],"all":[116],"major":[117],"events":[118],"that":[119,170,310],"are":[120,316],"traditionally":[121],"physically":[123],"go":[125],"virtual":[126,164,198,284],"(likewise":[127],"events).":[131],"The":[132],"limits":[134],"interactions,":[137],"changes":[138],"dynamics":[140],"engagements":[143],"how":[148],"learn.":[150],"We":[151,193,287,308],"have":[152],"adapt":[154,200],"design":[158],"conduct":[160,194],"it":[161,220],"format":[165],"compliant":[172],"regulations":[176],"well.":[178],"these":[182,311],"adaptations":[183],"semi-international":[186],"conducted":[189,280],"participants.":[192],"entirely":[197],"exercises":[203],"attempted":[206],"without":[207],"participant's":[209],"presence.":[211],"While":[212],"we":[213,245,278],"devise":[214],"ways":[215],"validate":[217],"participants'":[218,291],"involvement,":[219],"still":[222],"more":[223],"challenging":[224],"limit":[226],"cheating":[227],"than":[228],"environment.":[232],"appropriate":[235],"mitigating":[236],"controls":[237],"place":[239],"(reducing":[240],"risks":[241],"acceptable":[243],"levels),":[244],"were":[246],"able":[247],"achieve":[249],"similar":[250],"outcomes":[251,332],"compared":[252],"event":[256],"despite":[257],"lack":[259],"interactions.":[262],"Over":[263],"1400":[264],"registered":[266],"competition,":[269,296],"over":[275],"40":[276],"staff,":[277],"successfully":[279],"48":[282],"hours":[283],"competition.":[286],"further":[288],"analyse":[289],"online":[292,326],"activity":[293],"their":[297],"survey":[298],"responses":[299],"after":[300],"derive":[304],"lessons":[306],"learnt.":[307],"hope":[309],"experiences,":[312],"analysis":[313],"findings":[315],"useful":[317],"educators":[319],"organisers":[321],"who":[322],"wish":[323],"adopt":[325],"improve":[329],"teaching":[334],"education.":[336]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}