{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3011894695","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fie43999.2019.9028554","title":"A Preliminary Study of How Undergraduate Engineering Students Describe Intelligence and Smartness","display_name":"A Preliminary Study of How Undergraduate Engineering Students Describe Intelligence and Smartness","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3011894695","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fie43999.2019.9028554","mag":"3011894695"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/fie43999.2019.9028554","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fie43999.2019.9028554","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065638339","display_name":"Carter Morris","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52357470","display_name":"The Ohio State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00rs6vg23","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Carter Morris","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering Education, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering Education, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053020319","display_name":"Adithya Ramaswami","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52357470","display_name":"The Ohio State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00rs6vg23","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adithya Ramaswami","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering Education, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering Education, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057595769","display_name":"Amy Kramer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6206-2571"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52357470","display_name":"The Ohio State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00rs6vg23","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amy Kramer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering Education, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering Education, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057265816","display_name":"Emily Dringenberg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7635-7047"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52357470","display_name":"The Ohio State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00rs6vg23","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emily Dringenberg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering Education, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering Education, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5065638339"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.30872963,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"3"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10726","display_name":"Career Development and Diversity","score":0.9933000206947327,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10726","display_name":"Career Development and Diversity","score":0.9933000206947327,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10547","display_name":"Education, Achievement, and Giftedness","score":0.9822999835014343,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14308","display_name":"Psychological and Educational Research Studies","score":0.9528999924659729,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/worksheet","display_name":"Worksheet","score":0.8628624081611633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/construct","display_name":"Construct (python library)","score":0.6375642418861389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.5601311922073364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perception","display_name":"Perception","score":0.5427229404449463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering-education","display_name":"Engineering education","score":0.5321829319000244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics-education","display_name":"Mathematics education","score":0.4891338646411896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus-group","display_name":"Focus group","score":0.4698803722858429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.45340460538864136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.34446391463279724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.18629461526870728}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176734034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q259432","display_name":"Worksheet","level":2,"score":0.8628624081611633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164392","display_name":"Construct (python library)","level":2,"score":0.6375642418861389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5601311922073364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.5427229404449463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5041995","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853745","display_name":"Engineering education","level":2,"score":0.5321829319000244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.4891338646411896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56995899","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1126687","display_name":"Focus group","level":2,"score":0.4698803722858429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.45340460538864136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.34446391463279724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.18629461526870728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/fie43999.2019.9028554","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fie43999.2019.9028554","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6700000166893005,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1522024619","https://openalex.org/W2113101808","https://openalex.org/W2155363565","https://openalex.org/W2993493279","https://openalex.org/W3210030168","https://openalex.org/W6771263866"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W4362701563","https://openalex.org/W4205976150","https://openalex.org/W2993614544","https://openalex.org/W3046750589","https://openalex.org/W2811086421","https://openalex.org/W3196566350","https://openalex.org/W3128322802","https://openalex.org/W4292236134"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"Student":[1],"Poster":[2],"Research":[3],"Paper":[4],"reports":[5],"findings":[6,226],"on":[7,275,301],"preliminary":[8],"research":[9,61,178,287],"conducted":[10],"to":[11,53,87,128,132,135,144,158,165,198],"understand":[12,54],"how":[13,199,211,292,320],"undergraduate":[14,116,186],"engineering":[15,28,92,117,187,329],"students":[16,188,293],"describe":[17,189],"intelligence":[18,24,42,58,80,139,163,190,202,234,295],"and":[19,30,46,71,81,105,112,122,140,164,191,210,223,239,296,314],"smartness.":[20,141],"The":[21,193],"construct":[22],"of":[23,91,102,138,162,170,206,242,268,278,285,299,304,326],"is":[25],"salient":[26],"in":[27,73,99,306,323,328],"education":[29],"academic":[31,74],"culture":[32],"more":[33,253],"broadly;":[34],"however,":[35],"the":[36,88,100,148,176,182,229,243,249,276,281,297,324],"beliefs":[37,56,66],"that":[38,64,185,228,248,263],"individuals":[39],"hold":[40],"about":[41,57,79,266,319],"are":[43,51,181],"very":[44],"personal":[45],"often":[47],"remain":[48],"implicit.":[49],"We":[50],"driven":[52],"students'":[55],"as":[59,93,203,235],"extant":[60],"has":[62],"demonstrated":[63],"these":[65],"can":[67],"impact":[68],"student":[69],"motivation":[70],"persistence":[72],"settings.":[75],"Beliefs":[76],"or":[77],"perceptions":[78,137,161],"smartness":[82,214,279,305,327],"have":[83],"also":[84,151],"been":[85],"linked":[86],"exclusionary":[89],"nature":[90],"a":[94,109,204,302],"field.":[95],"Data":[96],"was":[97,173,252,271],"collected":[98],"form":[101],"written":[103,130,195],"responses":[104,131,196],"audio":[106],"recordings":[107],"from":[108],"focus":[110,149],"group":[111,150],"an":[113],"interview":[114],"with":[115],"students,":[118],"including":[119],"both":[120],"first-year":[121],"senior":[123],"students.":[124],"Participants":[125],"were":[126,217],"asked":[127,265],"provide":[129],"questions":[133],"related":[134],"their":[136,160,167],"In":[142],"addition":[143],"collecting":[145],"individual":[146],"responses,":[147],"allowed":[152],"for":[153],"open":[154],"dialogue":[155],"among":[156],"participants":[157,230,245],"present":[159],"discuss":[166],"beliefs.":[168],"Analysis":[169],"our":[171],"data":[172],"guided":[174],"by":[175,219],"following":[177],"question:":[179],"What":[180],"different":[183],"ways":[184],"smartness?":[192],"participants'":[194],"pertaining":[197],"they":[200,212],"perceive":[201],"function":[205],"time":[207],"(Worksheet":[208,215],"1)":[209],"conceptualize":[213],"2)":[216],"analyzed":[218],"identifying":[220],"major":[221],"similarities":[222],"differences.":[224],"Our":[225,259],"reveal":[227],"all":[231,311],"graphically":[232,246],"represented":[233],"growing":[236],"over":[237],"time,":[238],"three":[240],"out":[241],"four":[244],"indicated":[247,262],"\u201caverage":[250],"engineer\u201d":[251],"intelligent":[254],"than":[255],"\u201cthe":[256],"average":[257],"person.\u201d":[258],"final":[260],"finding":[261],"when":[264],"characteristics":[267],"smartness,":[269],"there":[270],"no":[272],"common":[273],"consensus":[274,300],"definition":[277,303],"amongst":[280],"participants.":[282],"Future":[283],"implications":[284],"this":[286],"include":[288],"better":[289],"insights":[290],"into":[291],"define":[294],"lack":[298],"engineering.":[307],"As":[308],"such,":[309],"we":[310,321],"(i.e.,":[312],"educators":[313],"students)":[315],"must":[316],"think":[317],"critically":[318],"participate":[322],"co-construction":[325],"classrooms.":[330]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}