{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2921025378","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fie.2018.8658505","title":"Exploring Game Elements in Learning Programming: An Empirical Evaluation","display_name":"Exploring Game Elements in Learning Programming: An Empirical Evaluation","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2921025378","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fie.2018.8658505","mag":"2921025378"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/fie.2018.8658505","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fie.2018.8658505","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058300629","display_name":"Adriano Lages dos Santos","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110200422","display_name":"Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais","ror":"https://ror.org/0176yjw32","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110200422"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Adriano Lages dos Santos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110200422"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023094882","display_name":"Maur\u00edcio Ronny de Almeida Souza","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0182-8016"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110200422","display_name":"Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais","ror":"https://ror.org/0176yjw32","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110200422"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mauricio R. de A. Souza","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110200422"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064525353","display_name":"Marcella Dayrell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4300-9086"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43526919","display_name":"Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros","ror":"https://ror.org/01hewbk46","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43526919"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marcella Dayrell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, State University of Montes Claros, Montes Claros, Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, State University of Montes Claros, Montes Claros, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43526919"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034625297","display_name":"Eduardo Figueiredo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6004-2718"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110200422","display_name":"Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais","ror":"https://ror.org/0176yjw32","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110200422"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eduardo Figueiredo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110200422"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5058300629"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110200422"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.5366,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84115684,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"9"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10731","display_name":"Educational Games and Gamification","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10731","display_name":"Educational Games and Gamification","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11197","display_name":"Digital Games and Media","score":0.9923999905586243,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7521852254867554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/game-programming","display_name":"Game programming","score":0.7263338565826416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/game-developer","display_name":"Game Developer","score":0.6862082481384277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/game-based-learning","display_name":"Game based learning","score":0.6132306456565857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/game-testing","display_name":"Game testing","score":0.5990697145462036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/game-design","display_name":"Game design","score":0.5892630815505981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5275280475616455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/game-design-document","display_name":"Game design document","score":0.4382552206516266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-programming","display_name":"Computer programming","score":0.4157661199569702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dropout","display_name":"Dropout (neural networks)","score":0.41046178340911865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multimedia","display_name":"Multimedia","score":0.39665868878364563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics-education","display_name":"Mathematics education","score":0.3230334222316742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.10963386297225952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.10706984996795654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.08943074941635132}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7521852254867554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109347269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1753830","display_name":"Game programming","level":5,"score":0.7263338565826416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41826821","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844005","display_name":"Game Developer","level":3,"score":0.6862082481384277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2982948194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1140363","display_name":"Game based learning","level":2,"score":0.6132306456565857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7591567","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1093030","display_name":"Game testing","level":5,"score":0.5990697145462036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C503285160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q858057","display_name":"Game design","level":2,"score":0.5892630815505981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5275280475616455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6907630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3010535","display_name":"Game design document","level":4,"score":0.4382552206516266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33857546","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80006","display_name":"Computer programming","level":2,"score":0.4157661199569702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776145597","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25339462","display_name":"Dropout (neural networks)","level":2,"score":0.41046178340911865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.39665868878364563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.3230334222316742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.10963386297225952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.10706984996795654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.08943074941635132}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/fie.2018.8658505","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fie.2018.8658505","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.6499999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321091","display_name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","ror":"https://ror.org/00x0ma614"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W610735869","https://openalex.org/W806203758","https://openalex.org/W1968088872","https://openalex.org/W1969014122","https://openalex.org/W1969675023","https://openalex.org/W1972888601","https://openalex.org/W2000117884","https://openalex.org/W2049080106","https://openalex.org/W2067438752","https://openalex.org/W2076522120","https://openalex.org/W2087042523","https://openalex.org/W2121188597","https://openalex.org/W2128783070","https://openalex.org/W2139932812","https://openalex.org/W2329223578","https://openalex.org/W2481955627","https://openalex.org/W2569365754","https://openalex.org/W2625259048","https://openalex.org/W2725385766","https://openalex.org/W2746633690","https://openalex.org/W2772500033","https://openalex.org/W2792691265","https://openalex.org/W3005496277","https://openalex.org/W4234895808","https://openalex.org/W6642388744"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4381616580","https://openalex.org/W2124828248","https://openalex.org/W4365137250","https://openalex.org/W1491613725","https://openalex.org/W4233377126","https://openalex.org/W2347607725","https://openalex.org/W2755355173","https://openalex.org/W2885801668","https://openalex.org/W183588297","https://openalex.org/W2106993766"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,134,164],"worldwide":[1],"demand":[2],"for":[3,66,131,184],"software":[4],"developers":[5],"are":[6,10,27,64,180],"increasing,":[7],"however,":[8],"students":[9,48,140],"facing":[11],"problems":[12],"to":[13,46,55,59,97,105,117],"learn":[14,60],"programming":[15,33,50,110],"at":[16],"universities.":[17],"To":[18,35],"make":[19],"things":[20],"worse,":[21],"the":[22,67,77,80,106,119,145],"failure":[23,70],"and":[24,99,177],"dropout":[25],"rates":[26],"high,":[28],"especially":[29],"in":[30,49,109,127,148],"introductory":[31,142],"computer":[32],"courses.":[34,51],"address":[36],"this":[37,93],"type":[38],"of":[39,71,89,123,144],"problem,":[40],"new":[41],"strategies":[42],"have":[43,158],"been":[44],"proposed":[45],"engage":[47],"One":[52],"strategy":[53],"is":[54],"use":[56,88],"game":[57,90,102,124,155,170],"elements":[58,63,103,125,156,171],"programming.":[61,133,163],"Game":[62],"important":[65],"success":[68],"or":[69],"an":[72],"educational":[73],"serious":[74,129],"game.":[75],"In":[76,92],"same":[78],"way,":[79],"students'":[81,107,165],"learning":[82,108,122,132,162,185],"process":[83],"may":[84],"benefit":[85],"from":[86,141],"proper":[87],"elements.":[91],"work,":[94],"we":[95],"aim":[96],"identify":[98,153],"evaluate":[100],"which":[101],"contribute":[104],"education.":[111],"We":[112],"performed":[113],"19":[114],"user":[115],"studies":[116],"investigate":[118],"impact":[120],"on":[121,161],"present":[126],"two":[128],"games":[130,179],"study":[135],"was":[136],"carried":[137],"out":[138],"with":[139],"periods":[143],"undergraduate":[146],"program":[147],"Information":[149],"Systems.":[150],"Our":[151],"results":[152],"some":[154],"that":[157,169,178],"positive":[159],"effect":[160],"feedback":[166],"also":[167],"indicates":[168],"help":[172],"them":[173],"staying":[174],"focused,":[175],"engaged":[176],"useful":[181],"complementary":[182],"resource":[183],"process.":[186]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-01-13T01:12:25.745995","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}