{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2771644569","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fie.2017.8190650","title":"An impact comparison of two instructional scaffolding strategies employed in our programming laboratories: Employment of a supplemental teaching assistant versus employment of the pair programming methodology","display_name":"An impact comparison of two instructional scaffolding strategies employed in our programming laboratories: Employment of a supplemental teaching assistant versus employment of the pair programming methodology","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2771644569","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fie.2017.8190650","mag":"2771644569"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/fie.2017.8190650","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fie.2017.8190650","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038463480","display_name":"Ronald Erdei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9350-5291"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90274647","display_name":"University of South Carolina Beaufort","ror":"https://ror.org/05ked8481","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90274647"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ronald Erdei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics and Computational Science, University of South Carolina Beaufort, Bluffton, SC, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics and Computational Science, University of South Carolina Beaufort, Bluffton, SC, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90274647"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109953425","display_name":"John A. Springer","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John A. Springer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer and Information Technology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer and Information Technology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091320948","display_name":"David Whittinghill","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2011-7893"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David M. Whittinghill","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer and Information Technology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer and Information Technology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5135,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.61436985,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11283","display_name":"Experimental Learning in Engineering","score":0.9865999817848206,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10636","display_name":"Innovative Teaching and Learning Methods","score":0.9832000136375427,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/summative-assessment","display_name":"Summative assessment","score":0.778428316116333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/formative-assessment","display_name":"Formative assessment","score":0.7395243644714355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6338247060775757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics-education","display_name":"Mathematics education","score":0.5971461534500122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/component","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","score":0.5130516290664673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cohort","display_name":"Cohort","score":0.47078579664230347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scaffold","display_name":"Scaffold","score":0.4216209053993225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-education","display_name":"Medical education","score":0.41974738240242004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.3014616370201111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.18494945764541626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.10257852077484131}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152747807","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1854913","display_name":"Summative assessment","level":3,"score":0.778428316116333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42525527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1209955","display_name":"Formative assessment","level":2,"score":0.7395243644714355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6338247060775757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.5971461534500122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.5130516290664673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72563966","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1303415","display_name":"Cohort","level":2,"score":0.47078579664230347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89429830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735710","display_name":"Scaffold","level":2,"score":0.4216209053993225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509550671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945","display_name":"Medical education","level":1,"score":0.41974738240242004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3014616370201111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.18494945764541626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.10257852077484131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/fie.2017.8190650","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fie.2017.8190650","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5199999809265137,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1493688518","https://openalex.org/W1551512768","https://openalex.org/W1761828760","https://openalex.org/W1777119744","https://openalex.org/W1970209023","https://openalex.org/W1971408748","https://openalex.org/W2004970722","https://openalex.org/W2032283306","https://openalex.org/W2036219993","https://openalex.org/W2067438752","https://openalex.org/W2067963826","https://openalex.org/W2088266455","https://openalex.org/W2135943618","https://openalex.org/W2147070375","https://openalex.org/W2147617769","https://openalex.org/W2148249910","https://openalex.org/W2284497029","https://openalex.org/W2598316382","https://openalex.org/W2991994063","https://openalex.org/W6681706090","https://openalex.org/W6695673253","https://openalex.org/W6734956256","https://openalex.org/W6770250215"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2596540894","https://openalex.org/W4248485996","https://openalex.org/W2188168286","https://openalex.org/W1981820048","https://openalex.org/W2373351295","https://openalex.org/W4315786423","https://openalex.org/W2169821076","https://openalex.org/W2979216021","https://openalex.org/W2762230188","https://openalex.org/W2410921486"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Instructional":[0],"scaffolding":[1,25,77,137,346],"is":[2,10,321],"a":[3,32,35,47,68,99,130,155,177,188,254,293,375],"well-researched,":[4],"commonly-practiced":[5],"educational":[6],"technique":[7],"whereby":[8],"support":[9,29,350],"temporarily":[11],"provided":[12,30,348],"as":[13,116,118,129,154,182,187,434],"an":[14,93,148],"individual":[15],"learns":[16],"[1].":[17],"Grounded":[18],"in":[19,38,79,92,121,134,140,166,199,333,426,455],"constructivist":[20],"teaching":[21,150,377],"and":[22,52,231,243,247,265,284,311],"learning":[23,41,353,458],"theory,":[24],"historically":[26],"referring":[27],"to":[28,34,46,56,157,190,318,351],"by":[31,374,384],"teacher":[33],"student.":[36],"However,":[37,362],"the":[39,65,72,81,107,125,135,141,158,167,171,174,191,200,204,268,287,324,334,338,344,355,360,364,369,371,381,387,408,412],"modern":[40],"environment,":[42],"instructors":[43],"have":[44],"access":[45],"wide":[48],"range":[49],"of":[50,67,74,83,109,124,170,203,210,233,257,267,286,337,359,368,386,414,416,422,438],"tools":[51],"techniques":[53],"with":[54],"which":[55,132],"help":[57],"them":[58],"scaffold":[59],"learners":[60],"[2].":[61],"This":[62,391],"paper":[63],"reports":[64],"findings":[66,430],"design":[69,104],"experiment":[70,105],"comparing":[71],"employment":[73,385],"two":[75,122,345],"instructional":[76,136,448],"strategies":[78,347,454],"reducing":[80],"impact":[82],"large":[84],"laboratory":[85,101,143,159,168,192,201],"class":[86],"size":[87],"on":[88,111,300,323],"undergraduate":[89,149],"students":[90,110,162,195],"enrolled":[91],"introductory":[94],"computer":[95],"programming":[96,112,119,164,179,184,197,235,258,305,307,309,312,389,400],"course":[97],"having":[98],"mandatory":[100,142],"component.":[102,144],"The":[103,315],"compared":[106],"performance":[108,392],"procedural":[113,259],"knowledge":[114,260],"assessments":[115],"well":[117],"self-beliefs":[120,299,320],"offerings":[123],"course,":[126],"each":[127,276,290],"treated":[128],"cohort,":[131,147,176],"differed":[133],"strategy":[138],"employed":[139,317],"In":[145,173],"one":[146],"assistant":[151,378],"was":[152,185,237,273,396],"used":[153,186],"supplement":[156,189],"instructor":[160,193],"while":[161,194],"completed":[163,196,253,292],"exercises":[165,198],"component":[169,202],"course.":[172,205,339],"other":[175],"cooperative":[178],"methodology":[180],"known":[181],"pair":[183,388],"Cohort":[206],"composition,":[207],"including":[208],"school":[209],"study":[211],"(e.g.,":[212],"Liberal":[213],"Arts,":[214],"Science,":[215],"Technology,":[216],"Engineering,":[217],"Business,":[218],"etc.),":[219],"student":[220,252,277,291,352,423],"classification":[221],"(i.e.,":[222],"freshman,":[223],"sophomore,":[224],"junior,":[225],"senior,":[226],"or":[227],"other),":[228],"gender":[229],"ratio,":[230],"amount":[232],"prior":[234],"experience,":[236],"comparable.":[238],"Course":[239],"content,":[240],"administrative":[241],"processes":[242],"assessment":[244,256],"mechanisms":[245],"(formative":[246],"summative)":[248],"remained":[249,403],"constant.":[250],"Each":[251],"summative":[255],"at":[261],"weeks":[262,282,358,367],"7,":[263],"12,":[264],"16":[266,285],"semester.":[269,288,361,410],"Open":[270],"ended":[271],"feedback":[272,425],"solicited":[274],"from":[275],"via":[278],"anonymous":[279],"questionnaire":[280,296,316],"during":[281,354,363,420],"8":[283],"Finally,":[289],"19-item":[294],"Likert-scale":[295],"investigating":[297],"their":[298,456],"5":[301],"constructs:":[302],"debugging":[303],"self-efficacy,":[304],"self-concept,":[306],"interest,":[308],"anxiety,":[310],"aptitude":[313],"mindset.":[314],"investigate":[319],"based":[322],"Scott":[325],"&":[326],"Ghinea":[327],"[3]":[328],"instrument,":[329],"modified":[330],"for":[331,447],"use":[332],"specific":[335],"context":[336],"Our":[340],"results":[341],"indicate":[342],"that":[343],"comparable":[349,404],"first":[356],"12":[357],"last":[365],"4":[366],"semester,":[370],"cohort":[372,382],"scaffolded":[373,383],"supplemental":[376],"slightly":[379],"outperformed":[380],"methodology.":[390],"difference,":[393],"though":[394],"small,":[395],"statistically":[397],"significant.":[398],"Student":[399],"self-beliefs,":[401],"however,":[402],"between":[405],"cohorts":[406],"throughout":[407],"entire":[409],"Interestingly,":[411],"theme":[413],"`immediacy":[415],"assistance'":[417],"revealed":[418],"itself":[419],"analysis":[421],"open-ended":[424],"both":[427],"cohorts.":[428],"These":[429],"are":[431,445],"considered":[432],"using":[433],"lens":[435],"Vygotsky's":[436],"Zone":[437],"Proximal":[439],"Development":[440],"theoretical":[441],"concept":[442],"[4].":[443],"Implications":[444],"discussed":[446],"practitioners":[449],"considering":[450],"employing":[451],"these":[452],"scaffoldings":[453],"own":[457],"environments.":[459]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-08-12T21:12:35.861297","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}