{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2771558761","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fie.2017.8190584","title":"Challenge problems: A method to improve critical thinking skills","display_name":"Challenge problems: A method to improve critical thinking skills","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2771558761","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fie.2017.8190584","mag":"2771558761"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/fie.2017.8190584","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fie.2017.8190584","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074307769","display_name":"David E. Schmidt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5555-376X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"David E. Schmidt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5074307769"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.30464716,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11715","display_name":"Education and Critical Thinking Development","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11715","display_name":"Education and Critical Thinking Development","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14449","display_name":"Education and Character Development","score":0.9043999910354614,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6049091219902039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/critical-thinking","display_name":"Critical thinking","score":0.4557901620864868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/management-science","display_name":"Management science","score":0.3347519040107727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics-education","display_name":"Mathematics education","score":0.3108833432197571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.2395581305027008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.13721400499343872}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6049091219902039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C533356498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q843894","display_name":"Critical thinking","level":2,"score":0.4557901620864868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.3347519040107727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.3108833432197571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.2395581305027008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.13721400499343872}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/fie.2017.8190584","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fie.2017.8190584","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.7099999785423279}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2278586200","https://openalex.org/W2511083065","https://openalex.org/W2551421968","https://openalex.org/W2595304264","https://openalex.org/W2618041975","https://openalex.org/W2618996488","https://openalex.org/W2624476024","https://openalex.org/W4250962446","https://openalex.org/W6725215770","https://openalex.org/W6734965742","https://openalex.org/W6738365325","https://openalex.org/W6832253241"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052","https://openalex.org/W4402327032","https://openalex.org/W2382290278"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,263],"traditional":[1,144],"form-factor":[2],"and":[3,73,84,156,207,248,273,300],"delivery":[4],"method":[5],"for":[6,108,293,317],"homework":[7,16,44,102,120],"has":[8,45,54,103,204],"become":[9],"less":[10],"effective":[11],"as":[12,186,314],"student":[13,94,114,158,298],"attitudes":[14],"towards":[15],"have":[17,27,266,306],"changed":[18],"to":[19,22,34,43,65,86,112,128,138,142,172,185,190,199,227,245,278,296],"reflect":[20],"access":[21,85],"digital":[23],"modalities.":[24],"These":[25,181],"elements":[26],"created":[28],"an":[29,140,148,194,224,253],"evolving":[30],"landscape":[31],"with":[32,75,96,163,243],"respect":[33,244],"role":[35],"of":[36,101,119,126,131,153,166,177,209,233,260],"homework.":[37,97],"In":[38,236],"a":[39,63,164,240],"sense,":[40],"our":[41],"approach":[42,136],"been":[46,56,205,267],"influenced":[47],"by":[48],"the":[49,76,91,99,117,124,129,151,175,200,234,250,258,261,270,303,309],"established":[50],"culture":[51],"whereby":[52],"\u201cit":[53],"always":[55],"done":[57],"this":[58],"way.\u201d":[59],"This":[60,288],"work":[61],"introduces":[62],"framework":[64,203],"address":[66],"these":[67],"changes":[68],"while":[69],"increasing":[70],"context":[71],"awareness":[72],"proficiency":[74],"overall":[77,81],"workflow.":[78],"Performance":[79],"feedback,":[80],"grade":[82],"impact":[83],"relevant":[87],"examples":[88],"are":[89,106,161,286],"among":[90],"factors":[92],"motivating":[93],"engagement":[95,299],"As":[98],"efficacy":[100],"decreased,":[104],"educators":[105],"looking":[107,295],"new":[109],"learning":[110],"activities":[111],"strengthen":[113],"preparation.":[115],"Ideally,":[116],"objective":[118],"should":[121],"transition":[122],"from":[123],"reinforcement":[125],"ideas":[127],"development":[130],"critical":[132,154,246],"thinking":[133,155,247],"skills.":[134],"Our":[135],"is":[137,290],"introduce":[139],"activity":[141],"supplement":[143],"textbook":[145,179],"problems":[146,168,229,265,285,312],"in":[147,193,230,302],"effort":[149],"extend":[150],"bounds":[152],"improve":[157],"engagement.":[159],"Students":[160,221,305],"presented":[162],"set":[165],"open-end":[167],"that":[169,308],"challenge":[170,264,311],"them":[171],"move":[173],"beyond":[174],"boundaries":[176],"their":[178,274],"problems.":[180],"weekly":[182],"prompts,":[183],"referred":[184],"\u201cchallenge":[187],"problems\u201d":[188],"serve":[189,277,313],"illustrate":[191],"concepts":[192],"integrated":[195],"context.":[196],"Student":[197],"response":[198],"\u201cchallenge\u201d":[201],"problem":[202],"positive":[206],"evaluation":[208],"exam":[210,216],"data":[211],"indicate":[212],"improved":[213,225],"performance":[214],"on":[215,319],"questions":[217],"involving":[218],"combined":[219],"concepts.":[220],"also":[222],"express":[223],"ability":[226],"\u201cstart\u201d":[228],"later":[231],"stages":[232],"class.":[235],"aggregate,":[237],"they":[238],"exhibit":[239],"greater":[241],"confidence":[242],"recognize":[249],"importance":[251],"formulating":[252],"appropriate":[254],"solution":[255],"strategy":[256],"at":[257],"onset":[259],"process.":[262],"woven":[268],"into":[269],"course":[271],"lectures":[272],"solutions":[275],"often":[276],"scaffold":[279],"upcoming":[280],"lecture":[281],"material.":[282],"Several":[283],"example":[284],"provided.":[287],"technique":[289],"well":[291],"suited":[292],"instructors":[294],"increase":[297],"interactivity":[301],"classroom.":[304],"reflected":[307],"completed":[310],"reference":[315],"material":[316],"follow":[318],"courses.":[320]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
