{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2558314216","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fie.2016.7757637","title":"Online programming tutors or paper study guides?","display_name":"Online programming tutors or paper study guides?","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2558314216","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fie.2016.7757637","mag":"2558314216"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/fie.2016.7757637","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fie.2016.7757637","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085107206","display_name":"Wendy Fisher","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8948-4990"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I167576493","display_name":"Colorado School of Mines","ror":"https://ror.org/04raf6v53","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I167576493"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wendy Fisher","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I167576493"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017624448","display_name":"Cyndi Rader","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I167576493","display_name":"Colorado School of Mines","ror":"https://ror.org/04raf6v53","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I167576493"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cyndi Rader","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I167576493"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071319364","display_name":"Tracy Camp","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8570-7966"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I167576493","display_name":"Colorado School of Mines","ror":"https://ror.org/04raf6v53","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I167576493"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tracy Camp","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I167576493"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5684,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82046282,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"2007","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11122","display_name":"Online Learning and Analytics","score":0.9944000244140625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11902","display_name":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","score":0.9940000176429749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tutor","display_name":"TUTOR","score":0.9492257833480835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7696478366851807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics-education","display_name":"Mathematics education","score":0.5024280548095703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/online-course","display_name":"Online course","score":0.48106956481933594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multimedia","display_name":"Multimedia","score":0.47039827704429626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test","display_name":"Test (biology)","score":0.4266549348831177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/online-learning","display_name":"Online learning","score":0.41758227348327637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.21524390578269958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.12421506643295288}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778371403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7672049","display_name":"TUTOR","level":2,"score":0.9492257833480835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7696478366851807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.5024280548095703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986081426","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1068473","display_name":"Online course","level":2,"score":0.48106956481933594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.47039827704429626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4266549348831177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986087404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15946010","display_name":"Online learning","level":2,"score":0.41758227348327637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.21524390578269958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.12421506643295288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/fie.2016.7757637","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fie.2016.7757637","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.8500000238418579}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W651870608","https://openalex.org/W1533190257","https://openalex.org/W2001648994","https://openalex.org/W2051379322","https://openalex.org/W2057150268","https://openalex.org/W2092322424","https://openalex.org/W2103472803","https://openalex.org/W2127765966","https://openalex.org/W2149242086","https://openalex.org/W2182977364","https://openalex.org/W2268966737","https://openalex.org/W2552528617","https://openalex.org/W3033820246","https://openalex.org/W4247215701","https://openalex.org/W6693553092","https://openalex.org/W6729508072"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2889859262","https://openalex.org/W2091648021","https://openalex.org/W4230431923","https://openalex.org/W2952622176","https://openalex.org/W1532638840","https://openalex.org/W2317849288","https://openalex.org/W4252800746","https://openalex.org/W1964092863","https://openalex.org/W1594490194","https://openalex.org/W2617103710"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"An":[0],"undergraduate":[1],"data":[2,106],"structures":[3,107],"course":[4,89],"is":[5],"challenging":[6],"to":[7,10,19,87,125,144],"teach":[8],"due":[9],"the":[11,110,114,118,130,134,138,141,155,163,177,180,189],"vast":[12],"number":[13],"of":[14,24,104,113,121,133,140,191],"complex":[15],"topics":[16,35,94],"that":[17,63,167],"need":[18],"be":[20],"covered.":[21],"The":[22,160],"use":[23,120,139],"instructional":[25],"tools,":[26],"such":[27],"as":[28],"an":[29,56,70,82,122,170],"online":[30,71,123,142],"programming":[31,45,77,84],"tutor,":[32,85],"can":[33,47],"reinforce":[34],"students":[36],"typically":[37],"find":[38],"difficult.":[39],"Prior":[40],"research":[41],"has":[42],"shown":[43],"using":[44,69],"tutors":[46],"have":[48],"a":[49,74,105,150],"positive":[50],"impact":[51],"on":[52,91,154,188],"student":[53],"learning":[54],"in":[55,73,101],"introductory":[57],"Computer":[58],"Science":[59],"course.":[60,78,108],"We":[61,148,193],"hypothesized":[62],"we":[64,116,136],"would":[65],"see":[66],"similar":[67],"results":[68,161,178],"tutor":[72,124,143],"second":[75,131,181],"year":[76],"Our":[79],"study":[80,146],"used":[81],"existing":[83],"Problets,":[86],"supplement":[88],"instruction":[90],"two":[92,102],"identified":[93],"(functions":[95],"and":[96],"pointers)":[97],"over":[98],"one":[99],"semester":[100],"sections":[103],"In":[109,129],"first":[111,164],"part":[112,132],"study,":[115,135],"compared":[117,137],"optional":[119,171],"no":[126,184],"supplemental":[127],"instruction.":[128],"paper":[145],"guides.":[147],"conducted":[149],"two-tailed":[151],"unpaired":[152],"t-test":[153],"students'":[156],"midterm":[157],"examination":[158],"scores.":[159],"from":[162,179],"module":[165,182],"showed":[166,183],"simply":[168],"providing":[169],"tool":[172],"had":[173],"limited":[174],"value.":[175],"Surprisingly,":[176],"significant":[185],"difference":[186],"based":[187],"type":[190],"practice.":[192],"discuss":[194],"possible":[195],"explanations":[196],"for":[197],"these":[198],"results.":[199]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}