{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1990332552","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fie.2014.7044246","title":"What is learning presence and what can it tell us about success in learning online?","display_name":"What is learning presence and what can it tell us about success in learning online?","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1990332552","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fie.2014.7044246","mag":"1990332552"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/fie.2014.7044246","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fie.2014.7044246","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE) Proceedings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036437249","display_name":"Ruth Wertz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9698-3392"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149744451","display_name":"Valparaiso University","ror":"https://ror.org/01pp0fx48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149744451"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ruth E. H. Wertz","raw_affiliation_strings":["General Engineering, Valparaiso University, Valparaiso, IN, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"General Engineering, Valparaiso University, Valparaiso, IN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149744451"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5036437249"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149744451"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.22205875,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10162","display_name":"Online and Blended Learning","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10162","display_name":"Online and Blended Learning","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10636","display_name":"Innovative Teaching and Learning Methods","score":0.9937999844551086,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11122","display_name":"Online Learning and Analytics","score":0.9764000177383423,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cronbachs-alpha","display_name":"Cronbach's alpha","score":0.8547461628913879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variance","display_name":"Variance (accounting)","score":0.6695323586463928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multilevel-model","display_name":"Multilevel model","score":0.6006592512130737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facilitation","display_name":"Facilitation","score":0.5926414728164673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.5813801288604736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-regression","display_name":"Linear regression","score":0.5806983113288879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/curse-of-dimensionality","display_name":"Curse of dimensionality","score":0.5644499659538269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/explained-variation","display_name":"Explained variation","score":0.5552091598510742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.5294898152351379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regression-analysis","display_name":"Regression analysis","score":0.49354279041290283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognition","display_name":"Cognition","score":0.44758760929107666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/confirmatory-factor-analysis","display_name":"Confirmatory factor analysis","score":0.43752917647361755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/analysis-of-variance","display_name":"Analysis of variance","score":0.4129984974861145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.38728269934654236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.3407953381538391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.32498854398727417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/developmental-psychology","display_name":"Developmental psychology","score":0.22789329290390015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychometrics","display_name":"Psychometrics","score":0.19160586595535278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-equation-modeling","display_name":"Structural equation modeling","score":0.14521509408950806}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106906290","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1140909","display_name":"Cronbach's alpha","level":3,"score":0.8547461628913879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196083921","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7915758","display_name":"Variance (accounting)","level":2,"score":0.6695323586463928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53059260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q374758","display_name":"Multilevel model","level":2,"score":0.6006592512130737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1337776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1941955","display_name":"Facilitation","level":2,"score":0.5926414728164673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5813801288604736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48921125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10861030","display_name":"Linear regression","level":2,"score":0.5806983113288879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111030470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1430460","display_name":"Curse of dimensionality","level":2,"score":0.5644499659538269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138528620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2510752","display_name":"Explained variation","level":2,"score":0.5552091598510742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.5294898152351379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152877465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208042","display_name":"Regression analysis","level":2,"score":0.49354279041290283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.44758760929107666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40722632","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5160137","display_name":"Confirmatory factor analysis","level":3,"score":0.43752917647361755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99476002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42297","display_name":"Analysis of variance","level":2,"score":0.4129984974861145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.38728269934654236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.3407953381538391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.32498854398727417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.22789329290390015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171606756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q506132","display_name":"Psychometrics","level":2,"score":0.19160586595535278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71104824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1476639","display_name":"Structural equation modeling","level":2,"score":0.14521509408950806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121955636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116214","display_name":"Accounting","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/fie.2014.7044246","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fie.2014.7044246","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE) Proceedings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.5099999904632568}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1529031170","https://openalex.org/W1552006006","https://openalex.org/W1598615889","https://openalex.org/W2005668010","https://openalex.org/W2007852757","https://openalex.org/W2014858765","https://openalex.org/W2033726034","https://openalex.org/W2036149274","https://openalex.org/W2068746655","https://openalex.org/W2070635017","https://openalex.org/W2085970550","https://openalex.org/W2091448591","https://openalex.org/W2106341825","https://openalex.org/W2107882115","https://openalex.org/W2120159089","https://openalex.org/W2137112538","https://openalex.org/W2144603077","https://openalex.org/W2154913500","https://openalex.org/W2156359015","https://openalex.org/W2160861367","https://openalex.org/W2729814639","https://openalex.org/W2941647715","https://openalex.org/W3041037505","https://openalex.org/W6631483929","https://openalex.org/W6635713160","https://openalex.org/W6740723495","https://openalex.org/W6761618172","https://openalex.org/W7070833347"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1980138985","https://openalex.org/W1998917340","https://openalex.org/W2368628894","https://openalex.org/W4297563057","https://openalex.org/W2911555019","https://openalex.org/W4379055680","https://openalex.org/W2589558371","https://openalex.org/W2155655748","https://openalex.org/W2992571590","https://openalex.org/W3176631246"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,44,79,104,135],"Community":[1],"of":[2,10,19,46,73,82,93,122,151,180,182],"Inquiry":[3],"(COI)":[4],"framework":[5,218],"focused":[6],"on":[7],"the":[8,29,54,69,87,97,120,152,167,171,181,183,216],"roles":[9],"course":[11,30],"design":[12],"and":[13,21,25,71,77,101,133,146,176,193,219],"facilitation":[14],"(Teaching":[15],"Presence),":[16,24],"students'":[17,47],"sense":[18],"community":[20],"belonging":[22],"(Social":[23],"cognitive":[26],"engagement":[27],"with":[28,53],"content":[31],"(Cognitive":[32],"Presence)":[33,51],"in":[34,39,59,86,154,166,185],"developing":[35],"valuable":[36],"learning":[37,42],"experiences":[38],"primarily":[40],"text-based":[41],"environments.":[43],"role":[45],"self-regulatory":[48],"processes":[49],"(Learning":[50],"along":[52],"original":[55],"constructs":[56],"was":[57,65,89,115,189],"proposed":[58],"recent":[60],"years.":[61],"Confirmatory":[62],"factor":[63],"analysis":[64],"used":[66,85,117],"to":[67,110,118,124,215],"confirm":[68],"measurement":[70],"dimensionality":[72],"TP,":[74,98],"SP,":[75,99,194],"LP,":[76],"CP.":[78],"internal":[80],"reliability":[81,105],"survey":[83],"instrument":[84],"study":[88,209],"established":[90],"by":[91,131,191],"evaluation":[92],"Cronbach's":[94],"alpha":[95],"for":[96,127],"CP,":[100,125,155],"LP":[102,123,174,212],"scales.":[103],"coefficients":[106],"ranged":[107],"from":[108,207],"0.79":[109],"0.92.":[111],"Hierarchical":[112],"linear":[113,138],"regression":[114,139],"then":[116],"evaluate":[119],"relationship":[121],"controlling":[126],"variance":[128,153,184],"already":[129],"explained":[130,148,175,190],"TP":[132,145,192],"SP.":[134],"two-step":[136],"hierarchical":[137],"(n":[140],"=":[141,157,161,197,201],"248)":[142],"showed":[143],"that":[144,211],"SP":[147],"52":[149],"percent":[150,179],"R-square":[156,196],"0.520,":[158],"F(2,":[159],"245)":[160],"132.73,":[162],"p":[163,203],"<;":[164,204],"0.01":[165],"first":[168],"model.":[169],"In":[170],"second":[172],"model,":[173],"additional":[177],"9":[178],"CP":[186],"beyond":[187],"what":[188],"delta":[195],"0.090,":[198],"F(l,":[199],"244)":[200],"56.08,":[202],"0.01.":[205],"Results":[206],"this":[208],"suggest":[210],"adds":[213],"value":[214],"COI":[217],"warrants":[220],"further":[221],"investigation.":[222]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
