{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4413010338","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fg61629.2025.11099126","title":"Impact of Sunglasses on One-to-Many Facial Identification Accuracy","display_name":"Impact of Sunglasses on One-to-Many Facial Identification Accuracy","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-05-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4413010338","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fg61629.2025.11099126"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/fg61629.2025.11099126","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fg61629.2025.11099126","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE 19th International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition (FG)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102649433","display_name":"Sicong Tian","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134870","display_name":"Indiana University South Bend","ror":"https://ror.org/02s1hvj37","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134870","https://openalex.org/I592451"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sicong Tian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indiana University South Bend"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indiana University South Bend","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134870"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026177673","display_name":"Haiyu Wu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107639228","display_name":"University of Notre Dame","ror":"https://ror.org/00mkhxb43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haiyu Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Notre Dame"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Notre Dame","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027859840","display_name":"Michael C. King","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3219-5477"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106959904","display_name":"Florida Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04atsbb87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106959904"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael C. King","raw_affiliation_strings":["Florida Institute of Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Florida Institute of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106959904"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019673624","display_name":"Kevin W. Bowyer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7562-4390"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107639228","display_name":"University of Notre Dame","ror":"https://ror.org/00mkhxb43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kevin W. Bowyer","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Notre Dame"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Notre Dame","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.7406,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85535048,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"9"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12496","display_name":"Color perception and design","score":0.8057000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12496","display_name":"Color perception and design","score":0.8057000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11595","display_name":"Textile materials and evaluations","score":0.7598000168800354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2507","display_name":"Polymers and Plastics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.6859999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.7388442754745483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6429781913757324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.5214918851852417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5158735513687134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4971521198749542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.4349651634693146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.31694191694259644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.0620572566986084}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.7388442754745483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6429781913757324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.5214918851852417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5158735513687134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4971521198749542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.4349651634693146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.31694191694259644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0620572566986084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/fg61629.2025.11099126","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fg61629.2025.11099126","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE 19th International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition (FG)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Gender equality","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5","score":0.6499999761581421}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1949778830","https://openalex.org/W2118664399","https://openalex.org/W2137659841","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2399832824","https://openalex.org/W2404498690","https://openalex.org/W2579578355","https://openalex.org/W2663800299","https://openalex.org/W2736633948","https://openalex.org/W2805258252","https://openalex.org/W2871667416","https://openalex.org/W2939645724","https://openalex.org/W2963314072","https://openalex.org/W2963626105","https://openalex.org/W2969985801","https://openalex.org/W3010093963","https://openalex.org/W3175906877","https://openalex.org/W3201743904","https://openalex.org/W3217435001","https://openalex.org/W4224911196","https://openalex.org/W4246904949","https://openalex.org/W4312402191","https://openalex.org/W4316924973","https://openalex.org/W4320009790","https://openalex.org/W4385805121","https://openalex.org/W4386066145","https://openalex.org/W4400644610","https://openalex.org/W4409262326","https://openalex.org/W6635552349","https://openalex.org/W6638046521","https://openalex.org/W6729809565","https://openalex.org/W6744072679","https://openalex.org/W6868231486","https://openalex.org/W6873348444"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2898732673","https://openalex.org/W2410053581","https://openalex.org/W2383658677","https://openalex.org/W3123203398","https://openalex.org/W1972473893","https://openalex.org/W2466435674","https://openalex.org/W2116423617","https://openalex.org/W2347824352","https://openalex.org/W2112875849","https://openalex.org/W2384651879"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"One-to-many":[0],"facial":[1,35,48,75],"identification":[2,36,49,76],"is":[3,77,173,204,232],"documented":[4,28],"to":[5,87,104,141,151,175,187,236],"achieve":[6],"high":[7],"accuracy":[8,72,96,150,163,182],"in":[9,46,63,82,125,130,207],"the":[10,14,17,71,80,83,115,147,162,180,189,199,214,222],"case":[11],"where":[12],"both":[13],"probe":[15,84,144],"and":[16,58,211,239],"gallery":[18,190],"are":[19,50],"\u2018mugshot":[20,61],"quality\u2019":[21,62],"images.":[22],"However,":[23],"an":[24,101],"increasing":[25,213],"number":[26],"of":[27,30,55,73,117,149,179,201,216],"instances":[29],"wrongful":[31],"arrest":[32],"following":[33],"one-to-many":[34,47,74,158],"have":[37,134],"raised":[38],"questions":[39],"about":[40,177],"its":[41],"accuracy.":[42,131],"Probe":[43],"images":[44,99,203,218],"used":[45,156],"often":[51],"cropped":[52],"from":[53,60],"frames":[54],"surveillance":[56],"video":[57],"deviate":[59],"various":[64],"ways.":[65],"This":[66],"paper":[67],"systematically":[68],"explores":[69],"how":[70],"degraded":[78],"by":[79,100,166,183],"person":[81],"image":[85,145,226],"choosing":[86],"wear":[88],"dark":[89,167],"sunglasses.":[90],"We":[91,195],"show":[92,170,197],"that":[93,114,171,198,212],"sunglasses":[94,118,186],"degrade":[95],"for":[97,137,146,157,229],"mugshot-quality":[98],"amount":[102],"similar":[103],"strong":[105],"blur":[106,120],"or":[107,121],"noticeably":[108],"lower":[109,122],"resolution.":[110],"Further,":[111],"we":[112,169],"demonstrate":[113],"combination":[116],"with":[119],"resolution":[123],"results":[124,133],"even":[126],"more":[127],"pronounced":[128],"loss":[129],"These":[132],"important":[135],"implications":[136],"developing":[138],"objective":[139],"criteria":[140],"qualify":[142],"a":[143],"level":[148],"be":[152],"expected":[153],"if":[154],"it":[155,172],"identification.":[159],"To":[160],"ameliorate":[161],"degradation":[164],"caused":[165],"sunglasses,":[168],"possible":[174],"recover":[176],"38%":[178],"lost":[181],"synthetically":[184],"adding":[185],"all":[188],"images,":[191],"without":[192],"model":[193],"re-training.":[194],"also":[196],"frequency":[200],"wearing-sunglasses":[202,217],"very":[205],"low":[206],"existing":[208],"training":[209],"sets,":[210],"representation":[215],"can":[219],"greatly":[220],"reduce":[221],"error":[223],"rate.":[224],"The":[225],"set":[227],"assembled":[228],"this":[230],"research":[231],"available":[233],"at":[234],"https://cvrl.nd.edu/projects/data/":[235],"support":[237],"replication":[238],"further":[240],"research.":[241]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}