{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4400527961","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fg59268.2024.10581868","title":"Expanding PyAFAR: A Novel Privacy-Preserving Infant AU Detector","display_name":"Expanding PyAFAR: A Novel Privacy-Preserving Infant AU Detector","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-05-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4400527961","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fg59268.2024.10581868"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/fg59268.2024.10581868","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/fg59268.2024.10581868","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 IEEE 18th International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition (FG)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://dspace.library.uu.nl/handle/1874/482428","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067024073","display_name":"It\u0131r \u00d6nal Ertu\u011frul","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0999-8626"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193662353","display_name":"Utrecht University","ror":"https://ror.org/04pp8hn57","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193662353"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Itir Onal Ertugrul","raw_affiliation_strings":["Utrecht University,Department of Information and Computing Sciences,Utrecht,The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Utrecht University,Department of Information and Computing Sciences,Utrecht,The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193662353"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036026405","display_name":"Saurabh Hinduja","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1637-5950"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saurabh Hinduja","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pittsburgh,Department of Psychology,Pittsburgh,PA,USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pittsburgh,Department of Psychology,Pittsburgh,PA,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087870411","display_name":"Maneesh Bilalpur","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6454-6349"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maneesh Bilalpur","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pittsburgh,Intelligent Systems Program,Pittsburgh,USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pittsburgh,Intelligent Systems Program,Pittsburgh,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063647797","display_name":"Daniel S. Messinger","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9551-675X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145608581","display_name":"University of Miami","ror":"https://ror.org/02dgjyy92","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145608581"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel S. Messinger","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Miami,Department of Psychology,Miami,FL,USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Miami,Department of Psychology,Miami,FL,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145608581"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000246394","display_name":"Jeffrey F. Cohn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9393-1116"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeffrey F. Cohn","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pittsburgh,Department of Psychology,Pittsburgh,PA,USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pittsburgh,Department of Psychology,Pittsburgh,PA,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2514,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7854222,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"2"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9848999977111816,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9848999977111816,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11932","display_name":"Wireless Body Area Networks","score":0.979200005531311,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.973800003528595,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6167173981666565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.5346271991729736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.43154653906822205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.40957823395729065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.13572049140930176}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6167173981666565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.5346271991729736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.43154653906822205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.40957823395729065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.13572049140930176}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/fg59268.2024.10581868","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/fg59268.2024.10581868","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 IEEE 18th International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition (FG)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.library.uu.nl:1874/482428","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dspace.library.uu.nl/handle/1874/482428","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401649","display_name":"Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I193662353","host_organization_name":"Utrecht University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193662353"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Part of book"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.library.uu.nl:1874/482428","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dspace.library.uu.nl/handle/1874/482428","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401649","display_name":"Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I193662353","host_organization_name":"Utrecht University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193662353"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Part of book"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Gender equality","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5","score":0.5699999928474426}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W3006581336","https://openalex.org/W4280592850","https://openalex.org/W4283070861","https://openalex.org/W4286989576","https://openalex.org/W4390905972","https://openalex.org/W6773827925","https://openalex.org/W6800286734","https://openalex.org/W6839439108"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W2366906938","https://openalex.org/W4396696052","https://openalex.org/W2382290278"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"enhance":[1],"PyAFAR11Code":[2],"will":[3],"be":[4],"available":[5,87],"on:":[6],"https:\\\\affectanalysisgroup.github.io/PyAFARI,":[7],"an":[8,47],"open":[9],"source,":[10],"Python-based":[11],"library":[12],"for":[13,88],"facial":[14,98],"action":[15,99],"unit":[16,100],"detection":[17],"by":[18,38],"introducing":[19],"a":[20],"privacy-protected":[21],"infant":[22,35],"AU":[23,36],"detector.":[24],"To":[25],"prevent":[26],"reconstruction":[27],"of":[28,41,65,97],"the":[29,34,95],"training":[30],"images,":[31],"we":[32],"train":[33],"detector":[37],"extracting":[39],"histogram":[40],"gradients":[42],"(HoG)":[43],"features":[44],"and":[45,90],"using":[46],"efficient":[48],"Light":[49],"Gradient":[50],"Boosting":[51],"Machine":[52],"(LightGBM)":[53],"classifier.":[54],"Models":[55],"are":[56,86],"trained":[57],"with":[58],"two":[59],"large,":[60],"well-annotated":[61],"databases.":[62],"The":[63],"performance":[64],"our":[66],"approach":[67],"is":[68],"comparable":[69],"to":[70,81,94],"previously":[71],"developed":[72],"deep":[73],"models":[74,85],"that":[75],"have":[76],"not":[77],"been":[78],"released":[79],"due":[80],"privacy":[82],"concerns.":[83],"Our":[84],"use":[89],"further":[91],"fine-tuning,":[92],"contributing":[93],"advancement":[96],"detection.":[101]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
