{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4321020804","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fg57933.2023.10042805","title":"Analyzing the Impact of Shape &amp; Context on the Face Recognition Performance of Deep Networks","display_name":"Analyzing the Impact of Shape &amp; Context on the Face Recognition Performance of Deep Networks","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4321020804","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fg57933.2023.10042805"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/fg57933.2023.10042805","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/fg57933.2023.10042805","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE 17th International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition (FG)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104090810","display_name":"Sandipan Banerjee","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101778","display_name":"Samsung (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01bfbvm65","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973","https://openalex.org/I4210101778"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sandipan Banerjee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Samsung Research America,United States","Samsung Research America, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Samsung Research America,United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101778"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Samsung Research America, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101778"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091513740","display_name":"Walter J. Scheirer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9649-8074"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107639228","display_name":"University of Notre Dame","ror":"https://ror.org/00mkhxb43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Walter Scheirer","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Notre Dame,United States","University of Notre Dame, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Notre Dame,United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Notre Dame, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019673624","display_name":"Kevin W. Bowyer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7562-4390"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107639228","display_name":"University of Notre Dame","ror":"https://ror.org/00mkhxb43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kevin Bowyer","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Notre Dame,United States","University of Notre Dame, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Notre Dame,United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Notre Dame, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039987576","display_name":"Patrick J. Flynn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5446-114X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107639228","display_name":"University of Notre Dame","ror":"https://ror.org/00mkhxb43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Patrick Flynn","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Notre Dame,United States","University of Notre Dame, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Notre Dame,United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Notre Dame, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5104090810"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101778"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.123,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.35703776,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9933000206947327,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7858019471168518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.6952135562896729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6903053522109985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.6316938996315002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identity","display_name":"Identity (music)","score":0.5617318749427795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perspective","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","score":0.5253464579582214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5075875520706177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.5030037760734558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matching","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","score":0.4975011646747589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.48321378231048584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4492354989051819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/training-set","display_name":"Training set","score":0.4379716217517853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base","display_name":"Base (topology)","score":0.41849756240844727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.11651140451431274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aesthetics","display_name":"Aesthetics","score":0.06056392192840576}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7858019471168518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.6952135562896729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6903053522109985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.6316938996315002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778355321","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17079427","display_name":"Identity (music)","level":2,"score":0.5617318749427795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.5253464579582214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5075875520706177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.5030037760734558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.4975011646747589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.48321378231048584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4492354989051819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51632099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3985153","display_name":"Training set","level":2,"score":0.4379716217517853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42058472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810214","display_name":"Base (topology)","level":2,"score":0.41849756240844727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.11651140451431274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107038049","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35986","display_name":"Aesthetics","level":1,"score":0.06056392192840576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/fg57933.2023.10042805","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/fg57933.2023.10042805","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE 17th International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition (FG)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Gender equality","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5","score":0.6800000071525574}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":56,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W114517082","https://openalex.org/W1509966554","https://openalex.org/W1916406603","https://openalex.org/W2003191219","https://openalex.org/W2038047504","https://openalex.org/W2038952578","https://openalex.org/W2045521499","https://openalex.org/W2091252148","https://openalex.org/W2096733369","https://openalex.org/W2107037917","https://openalex.org/W2113341759","https://openalex.org/W2115252128","https://openalex.org/W2137659841","https://openalex.org/W2142240539","https://openalex.org/W2145287260","https://openalex.org/W2168385859","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2274745179","https://openalex.org/W2304348237","https://openalex.org/W2325939864","https://openalex.org/W2499785842","https://openalex.org/W2510899574","https://openalex.org/W2515770085","https://openalex.org/W2727093475","https://openalex.org/W2733924329","https://openalex.org/W2736633948","https://openalex.org/W2797558164","https://openalex.org/W2871667416","https://openalex.org/W2887396754","https://openalex.org/W2892284455","https://openalex.org/W2898929996","https://openalex.org/W2903882693","https://openalex.org/W2919115771","https://openalex.org/W2929478825","https://openalex.org/W2942077508","https://openalex.org/W2950044691","https://openalex.org/W2963080198","https://openalex.org/W2963460857","https://openalex.org/W2963671154","https://openalex.org/W2963839617","https://openalex.org/W2964239703","https://openalex.org/W2969985801","https://openalex.org/W2985380233","https://openalex.org/W3001529617","https://openalex.org/W3009262613","https://openalex.org/W3034371424","https://openalex.org/W3034600949","https://openalex.org/W3035574324","https://openalex.org/W3089957825","https://openalex.org/W3120110650","https://openalex.org/W3194776748","https://openalex.org/W3199041638","https://openalex.org/W3205297585","https://openalex.org/W4234333941","https://openalex.org/W6677618333","https://openalex.org/W6765779288"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4285411112","https://openalex.org/W2085033728","https://openalex.org/W2171299904","https://openalex.org/W4390494008","https://openalex.org/W2922442631","https://openalex.org/W2053596378","https://openalex.org/W2168523118","https://openalex.org/W2073639911","https://openalex.org/W1552490587","https://openalex.org/W3035701170"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1,84],"article,":[2],"we":[3,39,102],"analyze":[4],"how":[5],"changing":[6],"the":[7,12,25,60,73,79,93,124,135,146],"underlying":[8],"3D":[9,52],"shape":[10,139],"of":[11,27,59,89,108,127,137,148],"base":[13,61,94],"identity":[14],"in":[15,33,97,113,140],"face":[16,29,45,53,129,142],"images":[17,46,70],"can":[18],"distort":[19],"their":[20],"overall":[21],"appearance,":[22],"especially":[23],"from":[24,68],"perspective":[26],"deep":[28,65],"recognition.":[30],"As":[31],"done":[32],"popular":[34],"training":[35,120],"data":[36,150],"augmentation":[37],"schemes,":[38],"graphically":[40],"render":[41],"real":[42],"and":[43,99,110,144],"synthetic":[44],"with":[47,92],"randomly":[48],"chosen":[49],"or":[50],"best-fitting":[51],"models":[54],"to":[55,71],"generate":[56],"novel":[57],"views":[58],"identity.":[62,81],"We":[63,82],"compare":[64],"features":[66],"generated":[67],"these":[69,75,114],"assess":[72],"perturbation":[74],"renderings":[76],"introduce":[77],"into":[78],"original":[80],"perform":[83],"analysis":[85],"at":[86],"various":[87],"degrees":[88],"facial":[90,138],"yaw":[91],"identities":[95],"varying":[96],"gender":[98],"ethnicity.":[100],"Additionally,":[101],"investigate":[103],"if":[104],"adding":[105],"some":[106],"form":[107],"context":[109],"background":[111],"pixels":[112],"rendered":[115],"images,":[116],"when":[117],"used":[118],"as":[119],"data,":[121],"further":[122],"improves":[123],"downstream":[125],"performance":[126],"a":[128],"recognition":[130],"model.":[131],"Our":[132],"experiments":[133],"demonstrate":[134],"significance":[136],"accurate":[141],"matching":[143],"underpin":[145],"importance":[147],"contextual":[149],"for":[151],"network":[152],"training.":[153]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-12-21T01:58:51.020947","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
