{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4321020744","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fg57933.2023.10042547","title":"Self-Supervised Face Presentation Attack Detection with Dynamic Grayscale Snippets","display_name":"Self-Supervised Face Presentation Attack Detection with Dynamic Grayscale Snippets","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4321020744","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fg57933.2023.10042547"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/fg57933.2023.10042547","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fg57933.2023.10042547","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE 17th International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition (FG)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100645878","display_name":"Usman Muhammad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7191-0245"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98381234","display_name":"University of Oulu","ror":"https://ror.org/03yj89h83","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Usman Muhammad","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Oulu,Center for Machine Vision and Signal Analysis (CMVS)","Center for Machine Vision and Signal Analysis (CMVS), University of Oulu"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oulu,Center for Machine Vision and Signal Analysis (CMVS)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Machine Vision and Signal Analysis (CMVS), University of Oulu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068812101","display_name":"Mourad Oussalah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4422-8723"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98381234","display_name":"University of Oulu","ror":"https://ror.org/03yj89h83","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mourad Oussalah","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Oulu,Center for Machine Vision and Signal Analysis (CMVS)","Center for Machine Vision and Signal Analysis (CMVS), University of Oulu"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oulu,Center for Machine Vision and Signal Analysis (CMVS)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Machine Vision and Signal Analysis (CMVS), University of Oulu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6382,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.68523628,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9909999966621399,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8620697855949402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7394611835479736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grayscale","display_name":"Grayscale","score":0.7201722860336304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.5572239756584167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rgb-color-model","display_name":"RGB color model","score":0.5334375500679016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.46619361639022827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.46380141377449036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4500496983528137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploit","display_name":"Exploit","score":0.42255699634552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.36258429288864136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.25014424324035645}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8620697855949402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7394611835479736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78201319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q685727","display_name":"Grayscale","level":3,"score":0.7201722860336304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.5572239756584167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82990744","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166194","display_name":"RGB color model","level":2,"score":0.5334375500679016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.46619361639022827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.46380141377449036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4500496983528137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.42255699634552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.36258429288864136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.25014424324035645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/fg57933.2023.10042547","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fg57933.2023.10042547","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE 17th International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition (FG)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1487288055","https://openalex.org/W1578285471","https://openalex.org/W1677182931","https://openalex.org/W1930563420","https://openalex.org/W1982209341","https://openalex.org/W2003092530","https://openalex.org/W2042883034","https://openalex.org/W2106852298","https://openalex.org/W2107227001","https://openalex.org/W2118392996","https://openalex.org/W2131774270","https://openalex.org/W2163744678","https://openalex.org/W2174309130","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2341318667","https://openalex.org/W2516809705","https://openalex.org/W2728977829","https://openalex.org/W2776778982","https://openalex.org/W2787613668","https://openalex.org/W2885013511","https://openalex.org/W2888286956","https://openalex.org/W2956066883","https://openalex.org/W2962858109","https://openalex.org/W2963656031","https://openalex.org/W3005804372","https://openalex.org/W3005973417","https://openalex.org/W3006377070","https://openalex.org/W3013318875","https://openalex.org/W3023763462","https://openalex.org/W3034594921","https://openalex.org/W3035459165","https://openalex.org/W3045675435","https://openalex.org/W3114632476","https://openalex.org/W3138047537","https://openalex.org/W3139414251","https://openalex.org/W4214851077","https://openalex.org/W4220772272","https://openalex.org/W4226291055","https://openalex.org/W4226465858","https://openalex.org/W4254751698","https://openalex.org/W4312046000","https://openalex.org/W6681431271","https://openalex.org/W6684314024","https://openalex.org/W6777194947"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W17155033","https://openalex.org/W3207760230","https://openalex.org/W1496222301","https://openalex.org/W1590307681","https://openalex.org/W3153082147","https://openalex.org/W2968833425","https://openalex.org/W2899689856","https://openalex.org/W1976314988","https://openalex.org/W2098693229","https://openalex.org/W2384651879"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Face":[0],"presentation":[1,15],"attack":[2],"detection":[3],"(PAD)":[4],"plays":[5],"an":[6],"important":[7,198],"role":[8],"in":[9,87,201],"defending":[10],"face":[11],"recognition":[12],"systems":[13],"against":[14],"attacks.":[16],"The":[17,91],"success":[18],"of":[19,31,50,144,162],"PAD":[20],"largely":[21],"relies":[22],"on":[23,76,136,173],"supervised":[24],"learning":[25,63],"that":[26,169],"requires":[27,42],"a":[28,56,117],"huge":[29],"number":[30],"labeled":[32,51],"data,":[33,52],"which":[34,80,147],"is":[35,103],"especially":[36],"challenging":[37],"for":[38,59,153],"videos":[39],"and":[40,113,181,191],"often":[41],"expert":[43],"knowledge.":[44],"To":[45,67],"avoid":[46],"the":[47,72,88,125,132,140,145,154,159,167,196,202],"costly":[48],"collection":[49],"this":[53],"paper":[54],"presents":[55],"novel":[57],"method":[58],"self-supervised":[60,160],"video":[61,89],"representation":[62],"via":[64],"motion":[65],"prediction.":[66],"achieve":[68],"this,":[69,124],"we":[70,165],"exploit":[71],"temporal":[73,133,142],"consistency":[74],"based":[75,135],"three":[77,84,106],"RGB":[78],"frames":[79,93],"are":[81,94,127],"acquired":[82],"at":[83],"different":[85,107,141],"times":[86],"sequence.":[90],"obtained":[92],"then":[95],"transformed":[96],"into":[97],"grayscale":[98,119],"images":[99],"where":[100],"each":[101],"image":[102],"specified":[104],"to":[105,115,130,149,194],"channels":[108],"such":[109],"as":[110],"R(red),":[111],"G(green),":[112],"B(blue)":[114],"form":[116],"dynamic":[118],"snippet":[120],"(DGS).":[121],"Motivated":[122],"by":[123,138],"labels":[126],"automatically":[128],"generated":[129],"increase":[131],"diversity":[134],"DGS":[137],"using":[139],"lengths":[143],"videos,":[146],"prove":[148],"be":[150],"very":[151],"helpful":[152],"downstream":[155],"task.":[156],"Benefiting":[157],"from":[158],"nature":[161],"our":[163],"method,":[164],"report":[166],"results":[168],"outperform":[170],"existing":[171],"methods":[172],"four":[174],"public":[175],"benchmarks,":[176],"namely,":[177],"Replay-Attack,":[178],"MSU-MFSD,":[179],"CASIA-FASD,":[180],"OULU-NPU.":[182],"Explainability":[183],"analysis":[184],"has":[185],"been":[186],"carried":[187],"out":[188],"through":[189],"LIME":[190],"Grad-CAM":[192],"techniques":[193],"visualize":[195],"most":[197],"features":[199],"used":[200],"DGS.":[203]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}