{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4210681580","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fg52635.2021.9667028","title":"Facial Action Units and Head Dynamics in Longitudinal Interviews Reveal OCD and Depression severity and DBS Energy","display_name":"Facial Action Units and Head Dynamics in Longitudinal Interviews Reveal OCD and Depression severity and DBS Energy","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-12-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4210681580","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fg52635.2021.9667028"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/fg52635.2021.9667028","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fg52635.2021.9667028","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608446","display_name":"2021 16th IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition (FG 2021)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 16th IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition (FG 2021)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087803484","display_name":"Ali Darzi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4529-9117"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ali Darzi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pittsburgh,Department of Psychology,Pittsburgh,PA,USA","Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pittsburgh,Department of Psychology,Pittsburgh,PA,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081066977","display_name":"Nicole R. Provenza","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6952-5417"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27804330","display_name":"Brown University","ror":"https://ror.org/05gq02987","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27804330"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nicole R. Provenza","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brown University School of Engineering,Providence,RI,USA","Brown University School of Engineering, Providence, RI, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brown University School of Engineering,Providence,RI,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27804330"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brown University School of Engineering, Providence, RI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27804330"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045790971","display_name":"L\u00e1szl\u00f3 A. Jeni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2830-700X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Laszlo A. Jeni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie Mellon University,Robotics Institute,Pittsburgh,PA,USA","Robotics Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University,Robotics Institute,Pittsburgh,PA,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Robotics Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086166956","display_name":"David A. Borton","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0710-3005"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27804330","display_name":"Brown University","ror":"https://ror.org/05gq02987","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27804330"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David A. Borton","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brown University School of Engineering,Providence,RI,USA","Brown University School of Engineering, Providence, RI, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brown University School of Engineering,Providence,RI,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27804330"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brown University School of Engineering, Providence, RI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27804330"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082661128","display_name":"Sameer A. Sheth","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8770-8965"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181547552","display_name":"Baylor College of Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/02pttbw34","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181547552","https://openalex.org/I2801539370"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sameer A. Sheth","raw_affiliation_strings":["Baylor College of Medicine,Department of Neurosurgery,Houston,TX,USA","Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Baylor College of Medicine,Department of Neurosurgery,Houston,TX,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181547552"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181547552"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014105109","display_name":"Wayne K. Goodman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6717-082X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181547552","display_name":"Baylor College of Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/02pttbw34","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181547552","https://openalex.org/I2801539370"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wayne K. Goodman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Baylor College of Medicine,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences,Houston,TX,USA","Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Baylor College of Medicine,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences,Houston,TX,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181547552"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181547552"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000246394","display_name":"Jeffrey F. Cohn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9393-1116"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeffrey F. Cohn","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pittsburgh,Department of Psychology,Pittsburgh,PA,USA","Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pittsburgh,Department of Psychology,Pittsburgh,PA,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5087803484"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.7645,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.984375,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"40","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11123","display_name":"Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11123","display_name":"Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10919","display_name":"Neurological disorders and treatments","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10106","display_name":"Autism Spectrum Disorder Research","score":0.9919999837875366,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-brain-stimulation","display_name":"Deep brain stimulation","score":0.7299767732620239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.6055623888969421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/depression","display_name":"Depression (economics)","score":0.5355650782585144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.5271933674812317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anxiety","display_name":"Anxiety","score":0.45581215620040894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clinical-psychology","display_name":"Clinical psychology","score":0.364135205745697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-medicine-and-rehabilitation","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","score":0.3572600483894348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.28730207681655884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychiatry","display_name":"Psychiatry","score":0.23052656650543213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-medicine","display_name":"Internal medicine","score":0.1728760004043579}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778542668","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q618076","display_name":"Deep brain stimulation","level":4,"score":0.7299767732620239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6055623888969421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776867660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1814941","display_name":"Depression (economics)","level":2,"score":0.5355650782585144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5271933674812317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C558461103","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q154430","display_name":"Anxiety","level":2,"score":0.45581215620040894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.364135205745697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.3572600483894348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.28730207681655884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.23052656650543213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.1728760004043579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779734285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11085","display_name":"Parkinson's disease","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/fg52635.2021.9667028","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fg52635.2021.9667028","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608446","display_name":"2021 16th IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition (FG 2021)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 16th IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition (FG 2021)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.47999998927116394,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4375975492","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"UH3NS100549","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1531439921","https://openalex.org/W1696716861","https://openalex.org/W2003502731","https://openalex.org/W2053167650","https://openalex.org/W2082149009","https://openalex.org/W2096976598","https://openalex.org/W2167265477","https://openalex.org/W2242468593","https://openalex.org/W2395639500","https://openalex.org/W2399512112","https://openalex.org/W2470957930","https://openalex.org/W2593853439","https://openalex.org/W2773792486","https://openalex.org/W2774170005","https://openalex.org/W2785560525","https://openalex.org/W2792096032","https://openalex.org/W2795072727","https://openalex.org/W2795161469","https://openalex.org/W2895774088","https://openalex.org/W2917273071","https://openalex.org/W2931590275","https://openalex.org/W2957289502","https://openalex.org/W2962613364","https://openalex.org/W2964341143","https://openalex.org/W2969522137","https://openalex.org/W2998216295","https://openalex.org/W3008012664","https://openalex.org/W3009809768","https://openalex.org/W3034280301","https://openalex.org/W3046639432","https://openalex.org/W3116677421","https://openalex.org/W4240167356","https://openalex.org/W6711957290","https://openalex.org/W6765257868"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W622158969","https://openalex.org/W2518873333","https://openalex.org/W2114827170","https://openalex.org/W3031817477","https://openalex.org/W2887458996","https://openalex.org/W2991111293","https://openalex.org/W4301179448","https://openalex.org/W2964000526","https://openalex.org/W2378173657","https://openalex.org/W178081488"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"N":[0],"euromodulation":[1],"therapy,":[2],"specifically":[3],"Deep":[4],"Brain":[5],"Stimulation":[6],"(DBS)":[7],"of":[8,51,98,151,157,164,189],"the":[9,36,99,152,158,165],"ventral":[10],"capsule/ventral":[11],"striatum":[12],"(VC/VS),":[13],"is":[14],"promising":[15],"treatment":[16,26],"for":[17,135],"severe":[18],"and":[19,42,55,88,91,105,124,137,162,183,194],"intractable":[20],"obsessive-compulsive":[21],"disorder":[22],"(OCD).":[23],"To":[24],"assess":[25],"response":[27],"to":[28,74,172],"DBS,":[29],"reliable":[30],"biomarkers":[31,188],"are":[32,186],"needed.":[33],"We":[34],"explored":[35],"hypothesis":[37],"that":[38,177],"facial":[39,180],"action":[40,103,181],"units":[41,104,182],"head":[43,106,184],"dynamics":[44,107,185],"in":[45,58,154,160,167],"an":[46],"interview":[47,122],"context":[48],"reveal":[49],"severity":[50,117],"OCD,":[52,190],"related":[53],"depression,":[54],"DBS":[56,61,73,100,171,195],"energy":[57,169],"participants":[59],"undergoing":[60],"treatment.":[62],"Participants":[63],"were":[64,77,108,127],"5":[65],"patients":[66],"(3":[67],"females,":[68],"2":[69],"males)":[70],"with":[71],"implanted":[72],"VC/VS.":[75,173],"They":[76],"recorded":[78],"during":[79],"brief":[80],"open-ended":[81],"interviews":[82],"by":[83,170],"a":[84,141],"clinician":[85],"at":[86,93],"pre-":[87],"post-surgery":[89],"baselines":[90],"then":[92],"3-month":[94],"intervals":[95],"following":[96],"activation":[97],"electrodes.":[101],"Facial":[102,113],"assessed":[109,119,128],"using":[110,120,129,145],"AFAR":[111],"(Automatic":[112],"Affect":[114],"Recognition).":[115],"OCD":[116],"was":[118],"clinical":[121],"(YBOCS-II)":[123],"depression":[125,191],"symptoms":[126],"participant":[130],"self-report":[131],"(BDI).":[132],"After":[133],"testing":[134],"multicollinearity":[136],"dropping":[138],"highly-correlated":[139],"features,":[140],"linear":[142],"mixed-effects":[143],"model":[144],"chi-square":[146],"feature":[147],"selection":[148],"predicted":[149],"61%":[150],"variation":[153,159,166],"YBOCS-II;":[155],"59%":[156],"BDI;":[161],"37%":[163],"delivered":[168],"These":[174],"findings":[175],"suggest":[176],"automatically":[178],"detected":[179],"potential":[187],"se":[192],"verity,":[193],"energy.":[196]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-28T14:05:53.105641","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}