{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2943304069","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fg.2019.8756596","title":"Generalizing to Unseen Head Poses in Facial Expression Recognition and Action Unit Intensity Estimation","display_name":"Generalizing to Unseen Head Poses in Facial Expression Recognition and Action Unit Intensity Estimation","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2943304069","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fg.2019.8756596","mag":"2943304069"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/fg.2019.8756596","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fg.2019.8756596","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 14th IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face & Gesture Recognition (FG 2019)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://researchportal.port.ac.uk/portal/en/publications/generalizing-to-unseen-head-poses-in-facial-expression-recognition-and-action-unit-intensity-estimation(caeb70c3-0be9-4bf0-bee7-e6efe5b78b9f).html","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057715161","display_name":"Philipp Werner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4762-2926"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95793202","display_name":"Otto-von-Guericke-Universit\u00e4t Magdeburg","ror":"https://ror.org/00ggpsq73","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95793202"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Philipp Werner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Neuro-Information Technology Group, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Neuro-Information Technology Group, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95793202"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082851275","display_name":"Frerk Saxen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3303-3154"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95793202","display_name":"Otto-von-Guericke-Universit\u00e4t Magdeburg","ror":"https://ror.org/00ggpsq73","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95793202"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Frerk Saxen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Neuro-Information Technology Group, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Neuro-Information Technology Group, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95793202"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033366160","display_name":"Ayoub Al-Hamadi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3632-2402"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95793202","display_name":"Otto-von-Guericke-Universit\u00e4t Magdeburg","ror":"https://ror.org/00ggpsq73","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95793202"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ayoub Al-Hamadi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Neuro-Information Technology Group, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Neuro-Information Technology Group, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95793202"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006580423","display_name":"Hui Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7655-9228"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63072094","display_name":"University of Portsmouth","ror":"https://ror.org/03ykbk197","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63072094"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hui Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Visual Computing Group, University of Portsmouth, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Visual Computing Group, University of Portsmouth, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63072094"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8221,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81094037,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10667","display_name":"Emotion and Mood Recognition","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/normalization","display_name":"Normalization (sociology)","score":0.7889750003814697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7429254651069641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6801784038543701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pose","display_name":"Pose","score":0.6781665086746216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-expression","display_name":"Facial expression","score":0.6426655054092407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subspace-topology","display_name":"Subspace topology","score":0.5471370220184326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5126301646232605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4970300495624542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.4283468723297119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/training-set","display_name":"Training set","score":0.41197651624679565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.3443663716316223}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136886441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q926129","display_name":"Normalization (sociology)","level":2,"score":0.7889750003814697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7429254651069641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6801784038543701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52102323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1671968","display_name":"Pose","level":2,"score":0.6781665086746216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195704467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327968","display_name":"Facial expression","level":2,"score":0.6426655054092407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32834561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660730","display_name":"Subspace topology","level":2,"score":0.5471370220184326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5126301646232605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4970300495624542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.4283468723297119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51632099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3985153","display_name":"Training set","level":2,"score":0.41197651624679565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.3443663716316223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/fg.2019.8756596","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fg.2019.8756596","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 14th IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face & Gesture Recognition (FG 2019)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:researchportal.port.ac.uk:publications/caeb70c3-0be9-4bf0-bee7-e6efe5b78b9f","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/conhome.jsp?punumber=1000065","pdf_url":"https://researchportal.port.ac.uk/portal/en/publications/generalizing-to-unseen-head-poses-in-facial-expression-recognition-and-action-unit-intensity-estimation(caeb70c3-0be9-4bf0-bee7-e6efe5b78b9f).html","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401774","display_name":"Portsmouth Research Portal (University of Portsmouth)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I63072094","host_organization_name":"University of Portsmouth","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63072094"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":""}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:researchportal.port.ac.uk:publications/caeb70c3-0be9-4bf0-bee7-e6efe5b78b9f","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/conhome.jsp?punumber=1000065","pdf_url":"https://researchportal.port.ac.uk/portal/en/publications/generalizing-to-unseen-head-poses-in-facial-expression-recognition-and-action-unit-intensity-estimation(caeb70c3-0be9-4bf0-bee7-e6efe5b78b9f).html","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401774","display_name":"Portsmouth Research Portal (University of Portsmouth)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I63072094","host_organization_name":"University of Portsmouth","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63072094"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":""},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.8100000023841858}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6846774373","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"03ZZ0470","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321114","funder_display_name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321114","display_name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung","ror":"https://ror.org/04pz7b180"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2943304069.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2943304069.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":63,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1628791547","https://openalex.org/W1655469623","https://openalex.org/W1782590233","https://openalex.org/W1796263212","https://openalex.org/W1900346672","https://openalex.org/W1916406603","https://openalex.org/W1935685005","https://openalex.org/W1940404584","https://openalex.org/W1955369839","https://openalex.org/W1965947362","https://openalex.org/W1971737742","https://openalex.org/W2006902452","https://openalex.org/W2008635359","https://openalex.org/W2011723974","https://openalex.org/W2032558548","https://openalex.org/W2047508432","https://openalex.org/W2051297709","https://openalex.org/W2087681821","https://openalex.org/W2088575594","https://openalex.org/W2115252128","https://openalex.org/W2118585731","https://openalex.org/W2129106196","https://openalex.org/W2134860945","https://openalex.org/W2138206939","https://openalex.org/W2138648333","https://openalex.org/W2142575466","https://openalex.org/W2146780613","https://openalex.org/W2153169342","https://openalex.org/W2162772395","https://openalex.org/W2164330572","https://openalex.org/W2197748410","https://openalex.org/W2208983722","https://openalex.org/W2213713716","https://openalex.org/W2217426128","https://openalex.org/W2217448953","https://openalex.org/W2234876530","https://openalex.org/W2237250383","https://openalex.org/W2284800790","https://openalex.org/W2330996833","https://openalex.org/W2335604756","https://openalex.org/W2395639500","https://openalex.org/W2421475762","https://openalex.org/W2436394355","https://openalex.org/W2441198140","https://openalex.org/W2588367409","https://openalex.org/W2724935142","https://openalex.org/W2724983119","https://openalex.org/W2733973010","https://openalex.org/W2751214333","https://openalex.org/W2766191013","https://openalex.org/W2787485953","https://openalex.org/W2792923920","https://openalex.org/W2912990735","https://openalex.org/W2963100452","https://openalex.org/W2964081807","https://openalex.org/W6640455264","https://openalex.org/W6641173728","https://openalex.org/W6652194799","https://openalex.org/W6662335928","https://openalex.org/W6672481139","https://openalex.org/W6677618333","https://openalex.org/W6677656871","https://openalex.org/W6741414320"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1980381208","https://openalex.org/W2364594919","https://openalex.org/W1861706286","https://openalex.org/W2219338811","https://openalex.org/W2167092671","https://openalex.org/W2149583853","https://openalex.org/W200201533","https://openalex.org/W4171918","https://openalex.org/W1552490587","https://openalex.org/W3035701170"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Facial":[0],"expression":[1,39,125,158],"analysis":[2],"is":[3],"challenged":[4],"by":[5,171],"the":[6,18,47,59,70,95,98,111,120,128,135,176,201],"numerous":[7],"degrees":[8],"of":[9,49,69,97,119,179],"freedom":[10],"regarding":[11],"head":[12,52,136],"pose,":[13],"identity,":[14],"illumination,":[15],"occlusions,":[16],"and":[17,100,122,131,153,160,181,207],"expressions":[19],"itself.":[20],"It":[21],"currently":[22],"seems":[23],"hardly":[24],"possible":[25],"to":[26,51,140,191],"densely":[27],"cover":[28],"this":[29,43,74],"enormous":[30],"space":[31],"with":[32,66,110,127],"data":[33,115,208],"for":[34],"training":[35,60,172],"a":[36,79,142,173],"universal":[37],"well-performing":[38],"recognition":[40,126,145],"system.":[41,146],"In":[42],"paper":[44],"we":[45,76,93,133],"address":[46],"sub-challenge":[48],"generalizing":[50],"poses":[53,193,202],"that":[54,86],"were":[55],"not":[56],"seen":[57],"in":[58,162],"data,":[61],"aiming":[62],"at":[63],"getting":[64],"along":[65],"sparse":[67],"coverage":[68],"pose":[71,137,152],"subspace.":[72],"For":[73],"purpose":[75],"(1)":[77],"propose":[78],"novel":[80],"face":[81],"normalization":[82,102,183],"method":[83,150],"called":[84],"FaNC":[85,149,180,185],"massively":[87],"reduces":[88],"pose-induced":[89],"image":[90],"variance;":[91],"(2)":[92],"compare":[94],"impact":[96],"proposed":[99,148],"other":[101,182],"methods":[103],"on":[104,175],"(a)":[105],"action":[106],"unit":[107],"intensity":[108],"estimation":[109],"FERA":[112],"2017":[113],"challenge":[114],"(achieving":[116],"new":[117],"state":[118],"art)":[121],"(b)":[123],"facial":[124,154],"Multi-PIE":[129],"dataset;":[130],"(3)":[132],"discuss":[134],"distribution":[138],"needed":[139],"train":[141],"pose-invariant":[143],"CNN-based":[144],"The":[147],"normalizes":[151],"proportions":[155],"while":[156],"retaining":[157],"information":[159],"runs":[161],"less":[163],"than":[164,189,198],"2":[165],"ms.":[166],"When":[167],"comparing":[168],"results":[169],"achieved":[170],"CNN":[174],"output":[177],"images":[178],"methods,":[184],"generalizes":[186],"significantly":[187],"better":[188],"others":[190],"unseen":[192],"if":[194],"they":[195],"deviate":[196],"more":[197],"20\u00b0":[199],"from":[200],"available":[203],"during":[204],"training.":[205],"Code":[206],"are":[209],"available.":[210]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-18T07:49:30.821534","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}