{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2959236135","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fg.2019.8756545","title":"Characterizing the State of Apathy with Facial Expression and Motion Analysis","display_name":"Characterizing the State of Apathy with Facial Expression and Motion Analysis","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2959236135","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fg.2019.8756545","mag":"2959236135"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/fg.2019.8756545","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fg.2019.8756545","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 14th IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face &amp; Gesture Recognition (FG 2019)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://inria.hal.science/hal-02379341","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036931929","display_name":"S L Happy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0944-0195"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1326498283","display_name":"Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies du num\u00e9rique","ror":"https://ror.org/02kvxyf05","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1326498283"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S L Happy","raw_affiliation_strings":["INRIA Sophia Antipolis, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"INRIA Sophia Antipolis, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1326498283"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084047603","display_name":"Antitza Dantcheva","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0107-7029"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1326498283","display_name":"Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies du num\u00e9rique","ror":"https://ror.org/02kvxyf05","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1326498283"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Antitza Dantcheva","raw_affiliation_strings":["INRIA Sophia Antipolis, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"INRIA Sophia Antipolis, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1326498283"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025520963","display_name":"Abhijit Das","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6793-0582"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1326498283","display_name":"Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies du num\u00e9rique","ror":"https://ror.org/02kvxyf05","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1326498283"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abhijit Das","raw_affiliation_strings":["INRIA Sophia Antipolis, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"INRIA Sophia Antipolis, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1326498283"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077861992","display_name":"Radia Zeghari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4089-1675"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144177","display_name":"Cognition Behaviour Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04d9wv909","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1326498283","https://openalex.org/I201841394","https://openalex.org/I4210144177"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Radia Zeghari","raw_affiliation_strings":["CoBTeK, Memory center CHU, University Cote d\u2019Azur, association IA, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CoBTeK, Memory center CHU, University Cote d\u2019Azur, association IA, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144177"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085222395","display_name":"Philippe Robert","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8122-8880"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144177","display_name":"Cognition Behaviour Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04d9wv909","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1326498283","https://openalex.org/I201841394","https://openalex.org/I4210144177"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Philippe Robert","raw_affiliation_strings":["CoBTeK, Memory center CHU, University Cote d\u2019Azur, association IA, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CoBTeK, Memory center CHU, University Cote d\u2019Azur, association IA, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144177"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037298642","display_name":"Fran\u00e7ois Br\u00e9mond","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2988-2142"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1326498283","display_name":"Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies du num\u00e9rique","ror":"https://ror.org/02kvxyf05","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1326498283"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francois Bremond","raw_affiliation_strings":["INRIA Sophia Antipolis, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"INRIA Sophia Antipolis, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1326498283"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10667","display_name":"Emotion and Mood Recognition","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10667","display_name":"Emotion and Mood Recognition","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11094","display_name":"Face Recognition and Perception","score":0.9944000244140625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/apathy","display_name":"Apathy","score":0.9822194576263428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-expression","display_name":"Facial expression","score":0.6400531530380249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motion","display_name":"Motion (physics)","score":0.5818296670913696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5570651292800903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5160360336303711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.5077727437019348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4066765010356903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3719068765640259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognition","display_name":"Cognition","score":0.319685697555542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychiatry","display_name":"Psychiatry","score":0.18206152319908142}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776509080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309406","display_name":"Apathy","level":3,"score":0.9822194576263428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195704467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327968","display_name":"Facial expression","level":2,"score":0.6400531530380249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104114177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79782","display_name":"Motion (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5818296670913696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5570651292800903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5160360336303711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5077727437019348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4066765010356903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3719068765640259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.319685697555542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.18206152319908142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/fg.2019.8756545","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fg.2019.8756545","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 14th IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face &amp; Gesture Recognition (FG 2019)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-02379341v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://inria.hal.science/hal-02379341","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"FG 2019 - 14th IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition, May 2019, Lille, France","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-02379341v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://inria.hal.science/hal-02379341","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"FG 2019 - 14th IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition, May 2019, Lille, France","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6700000166893005,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5310780284","display_name":"Computer Vision for Automated Holistic Analysis of Humans","funder_award_id":"ANR-17-CE39-0002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320883","funder_display_name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320883","display_name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","ror":"https://ror.org/00rbzpz17"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1574327534","https://openalex.org/W1847168837","https://openalex.org/W1871385855","https://openalex.org/W1965947362","https://openalex.org/W1987099845","https://openalex.org/W2037306326","https://openalex.org/W2056270695","https://openalex.org/W2084694859","https://openalex.org/W2087681821","https://openalex.org/W2101234009","https://openalex.org/W2111963393","https://openalex.org/W2116806027","https://openalex.org/W2119792797","https://openalex.org/W2135624681","https://openalex.org/W2182430664","https://openalex.org/W2242468593","https://openalex.org/W2325939864","https://openalex.org/W2341528187","https://openalex.org/W2345305417","https://openalex.org/W2486806851","https://openalex.org/W2494566501","https://openalex.org/W2593853439","https://openalex.org/W2596912170","https://openalex.org/W2613591053","https://openalex.org/W2618284707","https://openalex.org/W2745497104","https://openalex.org/W2765975187","https://openalex.org/W2768853015","https://openalex.org/W2792096032","https://openalex.org/W2802855904","https://openalex.org/W2883998062","https://openalex.org/W2884969998","https://openalex.org/W2886123861","https://openalex.org/W2892647828","https://openalex.org/W2896134990","https://openalex.org/W2963112684","https://openalex.org/W2963363102","https://openalex.org/W2963645808","https://openalex.org/W2964045146","https://openalex.org/W3101998545","https://openalex.org/W6634251185","https://openalex.org/W6675354045","https://openalex.org/W6700903540","https://openalex.org/W6735131028","https://openalex.org/W6737663355","https://openalex.org/W6742835484","https://openalex.org/W6755324373"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2589856099","https://openalex.org/W2480677383","https://openalex.org/W2409692858","https://openalex.org/W2111499575","https://openalex.org/W1866982798","https://openalex.org/W2156915339","https://openalex.org/W1482203807","https://openalex.org/W2030689331","https://openalex.org/W2980874145","https://openalex.org/W1964503009"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Reduced":[0],"emotional":[1],"response,":[2],"lack":[3],"of":[4,14,74,90,120,132,146],"motivation,":[5],"and":[6,28,33,41,46,68,80,108,128,148,178,187],"limited":[7],"social":[8],"interaction":[9],"comprise":[10],"the":[11,22,87,144,153,168,173,179,185,194,202,207],"major":[12],"symptoms":[13],"apathy.":[15],"Current":[16],"methods":[17],"for":[18,44,157],"apathy":[19,92,135,158,181],"diagnosis":[20],"require":[21],"patient's":[23],"presence":[24],"in":[25,134],"a":[26,60,117],"clinic,":[27],"time":[29],"consuming":[30],"clinical":[31,47,169,204],"interviews":[32],"questionnaires":[34],"involving":[35],"medical":[36],"personnel,":[37],"which":[38,95],"are":[39],"costly":[40],"logistically":[42],"inconvenient":[43],"patients":[45,70],"staff,":[48],"hindering":[49],"among":[50],"other":[51],"large":[52],"scale":[53],"diagnostics.":[54],"In":[55,160],"this":[56],"paper":[57],"we":[58,141,162],"introduce":[59],"novel":[61],"machine":[62],"learning":[63],"framework":[64],"to":[65,86,166,172,206],"classify":[66],"apathetic":[67],"non-apathetic":[69],"based":[71],"on":[72,116,138],"analysis":[73],"facial":[75,81,149],"dynamics,":[76],"entailing":[77],"both":[78],"emotion":[79,147,188],"movement.":[82],"Our":[83,190],"approach":[84],"caters":[85],"challenging":[88],"setting":[89],"current":[91],"assessment":[93],"interviews,":[94],"include":[96],"short":[97],"video":[98,122],"clips":[99],"with":[100],"wide":[101],"face":[102],"pose":[103],"variations,":[104],"very":[105],"low-intensity":[106],"expressions,":[107],"insignificant":[109],"inter-class":[110],"variations.":[111],"We":[112],"test":[113],"our":[114],"algorithm":[115],"dataset":[118],"consisting":[119],"90":[121],"sequences":[123],"acquired":[124],"from":[125],"45":[126],"subjects":[127],"obtained":[129],"an":[130],"accuracy":[131],"84%":[133],"classification.":[136,159],"Based":[137],"extensive":[139],"experiments,":[140],"show":[142],"that":[143,193],"fusion":[145],"local":[150],"motion":[151,186],"produces":[152],"best":[154],"feature":[155,209],"set":[156],"addition,":[161],"train":[163],"regression":[164],"models":[165],"predict":[167],"scores":[170,205],"related":[171],"mental":[174],"state":[175],"examination":[176],"(MMSE)":[177],"neuropsychiatric":[180],"inventory":[182],"(NPI)":[183],"using":[184],"features.":[189],"results":[191],"suggest":[192],"performance":[195],"can":[196],"be":[197],"further":[198],"improved":[199],"by":[200],"appending":[201],"predicted":[203],"video-based":[208],"representation.":[210]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
