{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2956308084","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fg.2019.8756538","title":"Tree-gated Deep Regressor Ensemble For Face Alignment In The Wild","display_name":"Tree-gated Deep Regressor Ensemble For Face Alignment In The Wild","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2956308084","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fg.2019.8756538","mag":"2956308084"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/fg.2019.8756538","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fg.2019.8756538","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 14th IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face &amp; Gesture Recognition (FG 2019)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1907.03248","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040863521","display_name":"Est\u00e8phe Arnaud","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1497-0222"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39804081","display_name":"Sorbonne Universit\u00e9","ror":"https://ror.org/02en5vm52","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39804081"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210150358","display_name":"Institut Syst\u00e8mes Intelligents et de Robotique","ror":"https://ror.org/05neq8668","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I154526488","https://openalex.org/I39804081","https://openalex.org/I4210150358","https://openalex.org/I4210159245"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Estephe Arnaud","raw_affiliation_strings":["CNRS, Institute for Intelligent Systems and Robotics, Sorbonne University, Paris, France","CNRS, Institute for Intelligent Systems and Robotics, Sorbonne University, Paris, F-75005, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CNRS, Institute for Intelligent Systems and Robotics, Sorbonne University, Paris, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210150358","https://openalex.org/I39804081","https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"CNRS, Institute for Intelligent Systems and Robotics, Sorbonne University, Paris, F-75005, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210150358","https://openalex.org/I39804081","https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037619048","display_name":"Arnaud Dapogny","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0074-8719"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39804081","display_name":"Sorbonne Universit\u00e9","ror":"https://ror.org/02en5vm52","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39804081"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arnaud Dapogny","raw_affiliation_strings":["CNRS, LIP6, Sorbonne University, Paris, France","CNRS, LIP6, Sorbonne University, Paris, F-75005, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CNRS, LIP6, Sorbonne University, Paris, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39804081","https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"CNRS, LIP6, Sorbonne University, Paris, F-75005, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39804081","https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022871131","display_name":"K\u00e9vin Bailly","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7802-3673"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39804081","display_name":"Sorbonne Universit\u00e9","ror":"https://ror.org/02en5vm52","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39804081"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210150358","display_name":"Institut Syst\u00e8mes Intelligents et de Robotique","ror":"https://ror.org/05neq8668","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I154526488","https://openalex.org/I39804081","https://openalex.org/I4210150358","https://openalex.org/I4210159245"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kevin Bailly","raw_affiliation_strings":["CNRS, Institute for Intelligent Systems and Robotics, Sorbonne University, Paris, France","CNRS, Institute for Intelligent Systems and Robotics, Sorbonne University, Paris, F-75005, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CNRS, Institute for Intelligent Systems and Robotics, Sorbonne University, Paris, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210150358","https://openalex.org/I39804081","https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"CNRS, Institute for Intelligent Systems and Robotics, Sorbonne University, Paris, F-75005, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210150358","https://openalex.org/I39804081","https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.05866793,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9927999973297119,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7910478115081787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.744562029838562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.7187503576278687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preprocessor","display_name":"Preprocessor","score":0.6520577073097229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weighting","display_name":"Weighting","score":0.6513576507568359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5293591618537903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","score":0.527898371219635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.5161596536636353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.5007309913635254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.48452848196029663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.472705602645874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-expression","display_name":"Facial expression","score":0.4689820408821106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-motion-capture","display_name":"Facial motion capture","score":0.4632941484451294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/landmark","display_name":"Landmark","score":0.43325960636138916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.4247579872608185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face-detection","display_name":"Face detection","score":0.282328724861145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.09898936748504639}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7910478115081787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.744562029838562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.7187503576278687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34736171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918333","display_name":"Preprocessor","level":2,"score":0.6520577073097229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183115368","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856577","display_name":"Weighting","level":2,"score":0.6513576507568359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5293591618537903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113174947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2859736","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","level":2,"score":0.527898371219635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.5161596536636353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5007309913635254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.48452848196029663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.472705602645874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195704467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327968","display_name":"Facial expression","level":2,"score":0.4689820408821106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98907195","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5428562","display_name":"Facial motion capture","level":5,"score":0.4632941484451294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780297707","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4895393","display_name":"Landmark","level":2,"score":0.43325960636138916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4247579872608185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4641261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11681085","display_name":"Face detection","level":4,"score":0.282328724861145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.09898936748504639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/fg.2019.8756538","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fg.2019.8756538","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 14th IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face &amp; Gesture Recognition (FG 2019)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1907.03248","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1907.03248","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1907.03248","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-03181843v1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-03181843","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"2019 14th IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face & Gesture Recognition (FG 2019), May 2019, Lille, France. pp.1-7, &#x27E8;10.1109/FG.2019.8756538&#x27E9;","raw_type":"Conference papers"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.1907.03248","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1907.03248","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"mag:2956308084","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1907.03248","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1907.03248","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1907.03248","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3584957902","display_name":"Face Interpretation with deep and ensemble Learning","funder_award_id":"ANR-17-CE33-0002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320883","funder_display_name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6803667113","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ANR-17","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320883","funder_display_name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320883","display_name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","ror":"https://ror.org/00rbzpz17"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2956308084.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2956308084.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W202494559","https://openalex.org/W1795776638","https://openalex.org/W1976948919","https://openalex.org/W1998294030","https://openalex.org/W2005264304","https://openalex.org/W2041075748","https://openalex.org/W2111372597","https://openalex.org/W2150884987","https://openalex.org/W2157285372","https://openalex.org/W2220384803","https://openalex.org/W2284800790","https://openalex.org/W2290283816","https://openalex.org/W2437557374","https://openalex.org/W2474575620","https://openalex.org/W2519753233","https://openalex.org/W2581624817","https://openalex.org/W2592485704","https://openalex.org/W2739099888","https://openalex.org/W2950149565","https://openalex.org/W2962887041","https://openalex.org/W2963280294","https://openalex.org/W2963993755","https://openalex.org/W2964121744","https://openalex.org/W2964309795","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6635221813","https://openalex.org/W6688871553","https://openalex.org/W6696356757","https://openalex.org/W6732520560","https://openalex.org/W6741700154","https://openalex.org/W6753756506"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2962988034","https://openalex.org/W3120743815","https://openalex.org/W2161379452","https://openalex.org/W2738989550","https://openalex.org/W2949961338","https://openalex.org/W2897188355","https://openalex.org/W2798896170","https://openalex.org/W2758030817","https://openalex.org/W2893171822","https://openalex.org/W2965998949","https://openalex.org/W2963213153","https://openalex.org/W3031133827","https://openalex.org/W2986070626","https://openalex.org/W2169251375","https://openalex.org/W2998505840","https://openalex.org/W3127909800","https://openalex.org/W3045696934","https://openalex.org/W1539984937","https://openalex.org/W3107896803","https://openalex.org/W2795229275"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Face":[0],"alignment":[1],"consists":[2],"in":[3,11,19,55],"aligning":[4],"a":[5,9,25,87,108],"shape":[6],"model":[7],"on":[8,46,112],"face":[10,33,37,115],"an":[12,16,80,102],"image.":[13],"It":[14],"is":[15,24],"active":[17],"domain":[18],"computer":[20],"vision":[21],"as":[22],"it":[23],"preprocessing":[26],"for":[27],"applications":[28],"like":[29],"facial":[30],"expression":[31],"recognition,":[32],"recognition":[34],"and":[35],"tracking,":[36],"animation,":[38],"etc.":[39],"Current":[40],"state-of-the-art":[41,123],"methods":[42],"already":[43],"perform":[44],"well":[45],"\"easy\"":[47],"datasets,":[48],"i.e.":[49],"those":[50],"that":[51,106,118],"present":[52],"moderate":[53],"variations":[54],"head":[56],"pose,":[57],"expression,":[58],"illumination":[59],"or":[60],"partial":[61],"occlusions,":[62],"but":[63],"may":[64],"not":[65],"be":[66],"robust":[67],"to":[68],"\"in-the-wild\"":[69],"data.":[70],"In":[71],"this":[72,76],"paper,":[73],"we":[74,100],"address":[75],"problem":[77],"by":[78],"using":[79],"ensemble":[81],"of":[82,86,93,97],"deep":[83],"regressors":[84],"instead":[85,92],"single":[88],"large":[89],"regressor.":[90],"Furthermore,":[91],"averaging":[94],"the":[95,122],"ouputs":[96],"each":[98],"regressor,":[99],"propose":[101],"adaptative":[103],"weighting":[104],"scheme":[105],"uses":[107],"tree-structured":[109],"gate.":[110],"Experiments":[111],"several":[113],"challenging":[114],"datasets":[116],"demonstrate":[117],"our":[119],"approach":[120],"outperforms":[121],"methods.":[124]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-22T08:00:12.763002","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
