{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1665222191","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fg.2015.7284868","title":"Facial Action Unit intensity prediction via Hard Multi-Task Metric Learning for Kernel Regression","display_name":"Facial Action Unit intensity prediction via Hard Multi-Task Metric Learning for Kernel Regression","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1665222191","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fg.2015.7284868","mag":"1665222191"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/fg.2015.7284868","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fg.2015.7284868","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 11th IEEE International Conference and Workshops on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition (FG)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054982466","display_name":"J\u00e9r\u00e9mie Nicolle","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39804081","display_name":"Sorbonne Universit\u00e9","ror":"https://ror.org/02en5vm52","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39804081"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210150358","display_name":"Institut Syst\u00e8mes Intelligents et de Robotique","ror":"https://ror.org/05neq8668","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I154526488","https://openalex.org/I39804081","https://openalex.org/I4210150358","https://openalex.org/I4210159245"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jeremie Nicolle","raw_affiliation_strings":["Univ. Pierre & Marie Curie, ISIR - CNRS UMR 7222, Paris, France","Univ. Pierre & Marie Curie, ISIR - CNRS UMR 7222, F-75005, Paris - France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. Pierre & Marie Curie, ISIR - CNRS UMR 7222, Paris, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39804081","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I4210150358"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. Pierre & Marie Curie, ISIR - CNRS UMR 7222, F-75005, Paris - France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210150358","https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022871131","display_name":"K\u00e9vin Bailly","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7802-3673"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39804081","display_name":"Sorbonne Universit\u00e9","ror":"https://ror.org/02en5vm52","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39804081"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210150358","display_name":"Institut Syst\u00e8mes Intelligents et de Robotique","ror":"https://ror.org/05neq8668","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I154526488","https://openalex.org/I39804081","https://openalex.org/I4210150358","https://openalex.org/I4210159245"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kevin Bailly","raw_affiliation_strings":["Univ. Pierre & Marie Curie, ISIR - CNRS UMR 7222, Paris, France","Univ. Pierre & Marie Curie, ISIR - CNRS UMR 7222, F-75005, Paris - France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. Pierre & Marie Curie, ISIR - CNRS UMR 7222, Paris, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39804081","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I4210150358"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. Pierre & Marie Curie, ISIR - CNRS UMR 7222, F-75005, Paris - France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210150358","https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049398785","display_name":"Mohamed Ch\u00e9touani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2920-4539"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39804081","display_name":"Sorbonne Universit\u00e9","ror":"https://ror.org/02en5vm52","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39804081"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210150358","display_name":"Institut Syst\u00e8mes Intelligents et de Robotique","ror":"https://ror.org/05neq8668","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I154526488","https://openalex.org/I39804081","https://openalex.org/I4210150358","https://openalex.org/I4210159245"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed Chetouani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Univ. Pierre & Marie Curie, ISIR - CNRS UMR 7222, Paris, France","Univ. Pierre & Marie Curie, ISIR - CNRS UMR 7222, F-75005, Paris - France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. Pierre & Marie Curie, ISIR - CNRS UMR 7222, Paris, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39804081","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I4210150358"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. Pierre & Marie Curie, ISIR - CNRS UMR 7222, F-75005, Paris - France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210150358","https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5054982466"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I39804081","https://openalex.org/I4210150358"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.1266,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":45,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97480514,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10667","display_name":"Emotion and Mood Recognition","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10667","display_name":"Emotion and Mood Recognition","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overfitting","display_name":"Overfitting","score":0.7822510004043579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.619036853313446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.6149587035179138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6068163514137268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5911715626716614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimator","display_name":"Estimator","score":0.5481194257736206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","score":0.5413799285888672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.5361999869346619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel-regression","display_name":"Kernel regression","score":0.49785780906677246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test-set","display_name":"Test set","score":0.47155117988586426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subspace-topology","display_name":"Subspace topology","score":0.4679108262062073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.42142462730407715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regression","display_name":"Regression","score":0.4118998050689697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4026627540588379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2290823757648468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.21097704768180847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.10921001434326172}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22019652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q331309","display_name":"Overfitting","level":3,"score":0.7822510004043579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.619036853313446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.6149587035179138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6068163514137268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5911715626716614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185429906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130160","display_name":"Estimator","level":2,"score":0.5481194257736206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74193536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574844","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.5413799285888672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5361999869346619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200695384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1739319","display_name":"Kernel regression","level":3,"score":0.49785780906677246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169903167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3985153","display_name":"Test set","level":2,"score":0.47155117988586426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32834561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660730","display_name":"Subspace topology","level":2,"score":0.4679108262062073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.42142462730407715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83546350","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1139051","display_name":"Regression","level":2,"score":0.4118998050689697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4026627540588379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2290823757648468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.21097704768180847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.10921001434326172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/fg.2015.7284868","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fg.2015.7284868","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 11th IEEE International Conference and Workshops on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition (FG)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.717.4772","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.717.4772","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.isir.upmc.fr/files/2015ACTI3409.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-02423008v1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.sorbonne-universite.fr/hal-02423008","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"2015 11th IEEE International Conference and Workshops on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition (FG), May 2015, Ljubljana, France. pp.1-6, &#x27E8;10.1109/FG.2015.7284868&#x27E9;","raw_type":"Conference papers"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1495858509","https://openalex.org/W1510025199","https://openalex.org/W1655469623","https://openalex.org/W1661871015","https://openalex.org/W1969736828","https://openalex.org/W1971713783","https://openalex.org/W1983703866","https://openalex.org/W2009131667","https://openalex.org/W2051297709","https://openalex.org/W2105198535","https://openalex.org/W2123142395","https://openalex.org/W2129106196","https://openalex.org/W2143104527","https://openalex.org/W2157285372","https://openalex.org/W2165608852","https://openalex.org/W4253024038","https://openalex.org/W6629908152","https://openalex.org/W6636914306"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3208882810","https://openalex.org/W2972862903","https://openalex.org/W3099765033","https://openalex.org/W2921259037","https://openalex.org/W2970699417","https://openalex.org/W4288419306","https://openalex.org/W2987302549","https://openalex.org/W2213164457","https://openalex.org/W2157272197","https://openalex.org/W2246292763"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,57],"problem":[1],"of":[2,43,55,64,125],"learning":[3],"several":[4],"related":[5],"tasks":[6],"has":[7],"recently":[8],"been":[9],"addressed":[10],"with":[11,82],"success":[12],"by":[13,121],"the":[14,34,40,71,74,90,103,114,118],"so-called":[15,75],"multi-task":[16,65],"formulation,":[17],"that":[18],"discovers":[19],"underlying":[20],"common":[21],"structure":[22],"between":[23],"tasks.":[24],"Metric":[25],"Learning":[26],"for":[27,38],"Kernel":[28],"Regression":[29],"(MLKR)":[30],"aims":[31],"at":[32],"finding":[33],"optimal":[35],"linear":[36],"subspace":[37],"reducing":[39,85],"squared":[41],"error":[42],"a":[44,61,100],"Nadaraya-Watson":[45],"estimator.":[46],"In":[47],"this":[48],"paper,":[49],"we":[50],"propose":[51],"two":[52],"Multi-Task":[53],"extensions":[54],"MLKR.":[56],"first":[58],"one":[59],"is":[60],"direct":[62],"application":[63],"formulation":[66],"to":[67,93,102],"MLKR":[68],"algorithm":[69],"and":[70,107],"second":[72],"one,":[73],"Hard-MT-MLKR,":[76],"lets":[77],"us":[78],"learn":[79],"same-complexity":[80],"predictors":[81],"fewer":[83],"parameters,":[84],"overfitting":[86],"issues.":[87],"We":[88],"apply":[89],"proposed":[91],"method":[92],"Action":[94],"Unit":[95],"(AU)":[96],"intensity":[97],"prediction":[98],"as":[99],"response":[101],"Facial":[104],"Expression":[105],"Recognition":[106],"Analysis":[108],"challenge":[109],"(FERA'15).":[110],"Our":[111],"system":[112],"improves":[113],"baseline":[115],"results":[116],"on":[117],"test":[119],"set":[120],"24%":[122],"in":[123],"terms":[124],"Intraclass":[126],"Correlation":[127],"Coefficient":[128],"(ICC).":[129]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
