{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1567532702","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fg.2015.7163142","title":"Dense 3D face alignment from 2D videos in real-time","display_name":"Dense 3D face alignment from 2D videos in real-time","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1567532702","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fg.2015.7163142","mag":"1567532702","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27293385"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/fg.2015.7163142","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fg.2015.7163142","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 11th IEEE International Conference and Workshops on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition (FG)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4900890","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045790971","display_name":"L\u00e1szl\u00f3 A. Jeni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2830-700X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Laszlo A. Jeni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Robotics Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","Robotics Institute, Carnegie Mellon University,Pittsburgh,PA,USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Robotics Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Robotics Institute, Carnegie Mellon University,Pittsburgh,PA,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000246394","display_name":"Jeffrey F. Cohn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9393-1116"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeffrey F. Cohn","raw_affiliation_strings":["Robotics Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","Robotics Institute, Carnegie Mellon University,Pittsburgh,PA,USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Robotics Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Robotics Institute, Carnegie Mellon University,Pittsburgh,PA,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057924291","display_name":"Takeo Kanade","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6267-6853"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Takeo Kanade","raw_affiliation_strings":["Robotics Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","Robotics Institute, Carnegie Mellon University,Pittsburgh,PA,USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Robotics Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Robotics Institute, Carnegie Mellon University,Pittsburgh,PA,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5045790971"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":18.1568,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":187,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99425363,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9944000244140625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10719","display_name":"3D Shape Modeling and Analysis","score":0.989300012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7907667756080627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.7623546123504639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7568182945251465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cascade","display_name":"Cascade","score":0.5270576477050781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.5253999829292297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/invariant","display_name":"Invariant (physics)","score":0.4360440969467163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.329974889755249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.15631189942359924}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7907667756080627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.7623546123504639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7568182945251465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34146451","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5048094","display_name":"Cascade","level":2,"score":0.5270576477050781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.5253999829292297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190470478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2370229","display_name":"Invariant (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4360440969467163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.329974889755249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.15631189942359924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37914503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156495","display_name":"Mathematical physics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/fg.2015.7163142","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fg.2015.7163142","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 11th IEEE International Conference and Workshops on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition (FG)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmid:27293385","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27293385","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face & Gesture Recognition and Workshops","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:4900890","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4900890","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Int Conf Autom Face Gesture Recognit Workshops","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:4900890","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4900890","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Int Conf Autom Face Gesture Recognit Workshops","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6200000047683716,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W125358319","https://openalex.org/W1976948919","https://openalex.org/W1984159596","https://openalex.org/W1998294030","https://openalex.org/W2001141328","https://openalex.org/W2019085623","https://openalex.org/W2038891881","https://openalex.org/W2051297709","https://openalex.org/W2076017598","https://openalex.org/W2082308025","https://openalex.org/W2086331119","https://openalex.org/W2087681821","https://openalex.org/W2091791686","https://openalex.org/W2099011563","https://openalex.org/W2111372597","https://openalex.org/W2116277445","https://openalex.org/W2116490551","https://openalex.org/W2117756735","https://openalex.org/W2118080926","https://openalex.org/W2121684305","https://openalex.org/W2135132101","https://openalex.org/W2136000821","https://openalex.org/W2136863438","https://openalex.org/W2138406903","https://openalex.org/W2146566773","https://openalex.org/W2146932984","https://openalex.org/W2148739392","https://openalex.org/W2151103935","https://openalex.org/W2151802865","https://openalex.org/W2152826865","https://openalex.org/W2157285372","https://openalex.org/W2160096928","https://openalex.org/W2163998463","https://openalex.org/W2165874743","https://openalex.org/W2166694921","https://openalex.org/W2167253260","https://openalex.org/W2237250383","https://openalex.org/W2542323081","https://openalex.org/W3006223838","https://openalex.org/W4234333941","https://openalex.org/W4255747408","https://openalex.org/W6648088351","https://openalex.org/W6671850433","https://openalex.org/W6684333976","https://openalex.org/W6684578312"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2153719181","https://openalex.org/W1971748923","https://openalex.org/W1566155057","https://openalex.org/W2060986072","https://openalex.org/W2052574922","https://openalex.org/W64588465","https://openalex.org/W3120641340","https://openalex.org/W2117825986","https://openalex.org/W3134067061","https://openalex.org/W2079855347"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"To":[0],"enable":[1],"real-time,":[2,155],"person-independent":[3],"3D":[4,12,42,63,94,141,156],"registration":[5,157],"from":[6,160],"2D":[7,34,120,161],"video,":[8],"we":[9],"developed":[10],"a":[11,25,32,37,40,55,78,92,112,132],"cascade":[13,57],"regression":[14,58],"approach":[15],"in":[16,46,131],"which":[17],"facial":[18],"landmarks":[19],"remain":[20],"invariant":[21],"across":[22],"pose":[23],"over":[24],"range":[26,114],"of":[27,36,65,77,81,115,134,140,154],"approximately":[28],"60":[29],"degrees.":[30],"From":[31],"single":[33],"image":[35],"person's":[38],"face,":[39],"dense":[41,79],"shape":[43],"is":[44,165],"registered":[45],"real":[47],"time":[48],"for":[49],"each":[50],"frame.":[51],"The":[52,71,126,163],"algorithm":[53,72],"utilizes":[54],"fast":[56],"framework":[59],"trained":[60],"on":[61],"high-resolution":[62],"face-scans":[64],"posed":[66],"and":[67,83,122,143,158],"spontaneous":[68],"emotion":[69],"expression.":[70],"first":[73],"estimates":[74],"the":[75,106,152],"location":[76],"set":[80],"markers":[82],"their":[84],"visibility,":[85],"then":[86],"reconstructs":[87],"face":[88],"shapes":[89],"by":[90],"fitting":[91],"part-based":[93],"model.":[95],"Because":[96],"no":[97],"assumptions":[98],"are":[99],"required":[100],"about":[101],"illumination":[102],"or":[103],"surface":[104],"properties,":[105],"method":[107,127],"can":[108],"be":[109],"applied":[110],"to":[111,145],"wide":[113],"imaging":[116],"conditions":[117],"that":[118,136],"include":[119],"video":[121],"uncalibrated":[123],"multi-view":[124,146],"video.":[125,162],"has":[128],"been":[129],"validated":[130],"battery":[133],"experiments":[135],"evaluate":[137],"its":[138],"precision":[139],"reconstruction":[142,159],"extension":[144],"reconstruction.":[147],"Experimental":[148],"findings":[149],"strongly":[150],"support":[151],"validity":[153],"software":[164],"available":[166],"online":[167],"at":[168],"http://zface.org.":[169]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":34},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":13}],"updated_date":"2026-04-28T14:05:53.105641","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
