{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1532692498","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fg.2015.7163085","title":"Triangular similarity metric learning for face verification","display_name":"Triangular similarity metric learning for face verification","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1532692498","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fg.2015.7163085","mag":"1532692498"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/fg.2015.7163085","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fg.2015.7163085","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 11th IEEE International Conference and Workshops on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition (FG)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001904143","display_name":"Lilei Zheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8621-2666"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100532134","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Claude Bernard Lyon 1","ror":"https://ror.org/029brtt94","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100532134","https://openalex.org/I203339264"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lilei Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e9 de Lyon, UMR5205, France","Universit\u00e9 de Lyon. CNRS, INSA-Lyon, LIRIS. UMR5205, F-69621, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e9 de Lyon, UMR5205, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100532134"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e9 de Lyon. CNRS, INSA-Lyon, LIRIS. UMR5205, F-69621, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100532134","https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083686712","display_name":"Khalid Idrissi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100532134","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Claude Bernard Lyon 1","ror":"https://ror.org/029brtt94","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100532134","https://openalex.org/I203339264"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Khalid Idrissi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e9 de Lyon, UMR5205, France","Universit\u00e9 de Lyon. CNRS, INSA-Lyon, LIRIS. UMR5205, F-69621, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e9 de Lyon, UMR5205, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100532134"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e9 de Lyon. CNRS, INSA-Lyon, LIRIS. UMR5205, F-69621, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100532134","https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038916044","display_name":"Christophe Garc\u00eda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7997-9837"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100532134","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Claude Bernard Lyon 1","ror":"https://ror.org/029brtt94","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100532134","https://openalex.org/I203339264"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christophe Garcia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e9 de Lyon, UMR5205, France","Universit\u00e9 de Lyon. CNRS, INSA-Lyon, LIRIS. UMR5205, F-69621, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e9 de Lyon, UMR5205, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100532134"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e9 de Lyon. CNRS, INSA-Lyon, LIRIS. UMR5205, F-69621, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100532134","https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065053376","display_name":"Stefan Duffner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0374-3814"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100532134","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Claude Bernard Lyon 1","ror":"https://ror.org/029brtt94","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100532134","https://openalex.org/I203339264"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stefan Duffner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e9 de Lyon, UMR5205, France","Universit\u00e9 de Lyon. CNRS, INSA-Lyon, LIRIS. UMR5205, F-69621, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e9 de Lyon, UMR5205, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100532134"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e9 de Lyon. CNRS, INSA-Lyon, LIRIS. UMR5205, F-69621, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100532134","https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113504704","display_name":"Atilla Baskurt","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100532134","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Claude Bernard Lyon 1","ror":"https://ror.org/029brtt94","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100532134","https://openalex.org/I203339264"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Atilla Baskurt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e9 de Lyon, UMR5205, France","Universit\u00e9 de Lyon. CNRS, INSA-Lyon, LIRIS. UMR5205, F-69621, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e9 de Lyon, UMR5205, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100532134"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e9 de Lyon. CNRS, INSA-Lyon, LIRIS. UMR5205, F-69621, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100532134","https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5001904143"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I100532134"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.00967898,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":37,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96467092,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.6085361242294312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.594219446182251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/triangle-inequality","display_name":"Triangle inequality","score":0.5898462533950806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/similarity","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","score":0.5138424038887024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.505891740322113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cosine-similarity","display_name":"Cosine similarity","score":0.5019693374633789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.46478936076164246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.46475306153297424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.4460066556930542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimization-problem","display_name":"Optimization problem","score":0.41484954953193665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.37186723947525024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3636082708835602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3299991488456726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.10882195830345154}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.6085361242294312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.594219446182251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182964748","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208216","display_name":"Triangle inequality","level":2,"score":0.5898462533950806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.5138424038887024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.505891740322113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780762811","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1784941","display_name":"Cosine similarity","level":3,"score":0.5019693374633789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.46478936076164246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.46475306153297424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.4460066556930542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.41484954953193665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.37186723947525024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3636082708835602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3299991488456726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.10882195830345154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/fg.2015.7163085","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fg.2015.7163085","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 11th IEEE International Conference and Workshops on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition (FG)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1185609327","https://openalex.org/W1488199789","https://openalex.org/W1498305593","https://openalex.org/W1532499126","https://openalex.org/W1545641654","https://openalex.org/W1575447312","https://openalex.org/W1579017813","https://openalex.org/W1593693679","https://openalex.org/W1607985379","https://openalex.org/W1782590233","https://openalex.org/W1825459403","https://openalex.org/W1898424075","https://openalex.org/W1975780119","https://openalex.org/W1980216075","https://openalex.org/W1985425861","https://openalex.org/W2001519147","https://openalex.org/W2024688311","https://openalex.org/W2051434435","https://openalex.org/W2076434944","https://openalex.org/W2098554822","https://openalex.org/W2098693229","https://openalex.org/W2100799972","https://openalex.org/W2103384342","https://openalex.org/W2108948497","https://openalex.org/W2109824782","https://openalex.org/W2110654099","https://openalex.org/W2114588272","https://openalex.org/W2117154949","https://openalex.org/W2122950138","https://openalex.org/W2130556178","https://openalex.org/W2145072179","https://openalex.org/W2153635508","https://openalex.org/W2157364932","https://openalex.org/W2159786793","https://openalex.org/W2163352848","https://openalex.org/W2169495281","https://openalex.org/W2172296140","https://openalex.org/W2176528885","https://openalex.org/W2652751060","https://openalex.org/W6627885440","https://openalex.org/W6629240041","https://openalex.org/W6631637103","https://openalex.org/W6632636493","https://openalex.org/W6639352576","https://openalex.org/W6650695797","https://openalex.org/W6675751002","https://openalex.org/W6676757673","https://openalex.org/W6677328822","https://openalex.org/W6739509182"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W126212742","https://openalex.org/W2147485352","https://openalex.org/W1597686267","https://openalex.org/W2575715081","https://openalex.org/W1720325191","https://openalex.org/W3208331467","https://openalex.org/W3180954388","https://openalex.org/W4221165003","https://openalex.org/W2164312060","https://openalex.org/W4297797105"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,57,75],"propose":[1],"an":[2,63],"efficient":[3,54,121],"linear":[4],"similarity":[5,32],"metric":[6],"learning":[7,29],"method":[8,24,125],"for":[9,47,94],"face":[10,134],"verification":[11],"called":[12],"Triangular":[13],"Similarity":[14],"Metric":[15],"Learning":[16],"(TSML).":[17],"Compared":[18],"with":[19,69],"relevant":[20],"state-of-the-art":[21,128],"work,":[22],"this":[23],"improves":[25],"the":[26,30,44,59,70,80,95,104,108,117,127,131],"efficiency":[27],"of":[28,102,116,133],"cosine":[31],"while":[33],"keeping":[34],"effectiveness.":[35],"Concretely,":[36],"we":[37,98],"present":[38],"a":[39,49],"geometrical":[40],"interpretation":[41],"based":[42],"on":[43,79,130],"triangle":[45],"inequality":[46],"developing":[48],"cost":[50,60],"function":[51,61],"and":[52,66,90,107,122],"its":[53],"gradient":[55],"function.":[56],"formulate":[58],"as":[62],"optimization":[64,73,96],"problem":[65,132],"solve":[67],"it":[68],"advanced":[71],"L-BFGS":[72],"algorithm.":[74],"perform":[76],"extensive":[77],"experiments":[78],"LFW":[81],"data":[82],"set":[83],"using":[84],"four":[85],"descriptors:":[86],"LBP,":[87],"OCLBP,":[88],"SIFT":[89],"Gabor":[91],"wavelets.":[92],"Moreover,":[93],"problem,":[97],"test":[99],"two":[100,118],"kinds":[101],"initialization:":[103],"identity":[105],"matrix":[106],"WCCN":[109],"matrix.":[110],"Experimental":[111],"results":[112],"demonstrate":[113],"that":[114,123],"both":[115],"initializations":[119],"are":[120],"our":[124],"achieves":[126],"performance":[129],"verification.":[135]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}