{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1996698400","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fg.2011.5771433","title":"Facial feature detection with 3D convex local models","display_name":"Facial feature detection with 3D convex local models","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1996698400","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fg.2011.5771433","mag":"1996698400"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/fg.2011.5771433","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fg.2011.5771433","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Face and Gesture 2011","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050006263","display_name":"Bernard Tiddeman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7570-1192"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16038530","display_name":"Aberystwyth University","ror":"https://ror.org/015m2p889","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16038530"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bernard Tiddeman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Aberystwyth University, UK","Department of Computer Science, Aberystwyth University, Wales"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Aberystwyth University, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16038530"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Aberystwyth University, Wales","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16038530"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5050006263"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16038530"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4756,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.58066128,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":null,"first_page":"400","last_page":"405"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.9925000071525574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5276550054550171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.5255200862884521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4909653961658478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quadratic-equation","display_name":"Quadratic equation","score":0.48334261775016785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4429866373538971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bayesian-inference","display_name":"Bayesian inference","score":0.4190574288368225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.416074275970459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4141595959663391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.39941900968551636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bayesian-probability","display_name":"Bayesian probability","score":0.39762359857559204}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5276550054550171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.5255200862884521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4909653961658478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129844170","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41299","display_name":"Quadratic equation","level":2,"score":0.48334261775016785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4429866373538971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160234255","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812535","display_name":"Bayesian inference","level":3,"score":0.4190574288368225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.416074275970459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4141595959663391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.39941900968551636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107673813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812534","display_name":"Bayesian probability","level":2,"score":0.39762359857559204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/fg.2011.5771433","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fg.2011.5771433","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Face and Gesture 2011","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W142845199","https://openalex.org/W1514104215","https://openalex.org/W1735394485","https://openalex.org/W1964846093","https://openalex.org/W1977821862","https://openalex.org/W2018751393","https://openalex.org/W2038952578","https://openalex.org/W2051802451","https://openalex.org/W2082308025","https://openalex.org/W2109434346","https://openalex.org/W2118508489","https://openalex.org/W2120954940","https://openalex.org/W2128958079","https://openalex.org/W2146932984","https://openalex.org/W2152826865","https://openalex.org/W2153635508","https://openalex.org/W2160573407","https://openalex.org/W2167720086","https://openalex.org/W2171262059","https://openalex.org/W3097096317","https://openalex.org/W3120421331","https://openalex.org/W3169507310","https://openalex.org/W6630718461","https://openalex.org/W6679105373"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2372267530","https://openalex.org/W2969189870","https://openalex.org/W2965643117","https://openalex.org/W4303857162","https://openalex.org/W2407375987","https://openalex.org/W3049691116","https://openalex.org/W2505726097","https://openalex.org/W2010643158","https://openalex.org/W2106867672","https://openalex.org/W3081214562"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"describes":[2],"an":[3,102],"improved":[4,97,177],"system":[5],"for":[6,30],"locating":[7],"facial":[8],"features":[9],"in":[10,168],"images":[11],"using":[12],"constrained":[13],"local":[14,22],"models":[15],"(CLM).":[16],"CLM":[17,42,60],"links":[18],"a":[19,26,69,114,132,146],"set":[20,133],"of":[21,83,127,134,151],"patch":[23,45],"classifiers":[24],"via":[25,101,145],"PCA":[27],"shape":[28,85,89],"model":[29,90],"non-rigid":[31],"alignment":[32],"and":[33,96,173,183],"tracking.":[34],"The":[35,58,105,125,149,159],"convex":[36],"quadratic":[37,48],"fitting":[38],"(CQF)":[39],"approach":[40,65,78],"to":[41,54,79,107,118,154],"approximates":[43],"the":[44,51,76,81,119,142,152,165,169,174],"responses":[46],"with":[47,141],"functions,":[49],"allowing":[50],"parameter":[52,135],"updates":[53,136],"be":[55,139],"calculated":[56],"directly.":[57,158],"Bayesian":[59,70],"(BCLM)":[61],"further":[62,74],"extended":[63],"this":[64,128],"framing":[66],"it":[67],"as":[68],"inference":[71],"problem.":[72],"We":[73],"extend":[75],"BCLM":[77,182],"enable":[80],"use":[82],"3D":[84,88,108,155,184],"models.":[86],"A":[87],"is":[91,99,109,162],"preferred":[92],"on":[93,164],"theoretical":[94],"grounds":[95],"performance":[98,178],"confirmed":[100],"empirical":[103],"evaluation.":[104],"extension":[106],"developed":[110],"by":[111],"first":[112],"introducing":[113],"full":[115],"similarity":[116],"transform":[117],"(linearized)":[120],"2D":[121,181],"CQF":[122],"error":[123,129],"function.":[124],"minimization":[126],"function":[130],"gives":[131],"that":[137],"can":[138],"combined":[140],"current":[143],"estimates":[144],"compositional":[147],"approach.":[148],"adaptation":[150],"algorithm":[153,161],"then":[156],"follows":[157],"resulting":[160],"evaluated":[163],"labeled":[166],"faces":[167],"wild":[170],"(LFW)":[171],"dataset":[172],"results":[175],"show":[176],"over":[179],"both":[180],"CLM.":[185]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}