{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7164202028","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fccm68464.2026.00061","title":"ForgeBench: A Machine Learning Benchmark Suite and Auto-Generation Framework for Next-Generation HLS Tools","display_name":"ForgeBench: A Machine Learning Benchmark Suite and Auto-Generation Framework for Next-Generation HLS Tools","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-05-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7164202028","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fccm68464.2026.00061"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/fccm68464.2026.00061","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fccm68464.2026.00061","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2026 IEEE 34th Annual International Symposium on Field-Programmable Custom Computing Machines (FCCM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093487098","display_name":"Andy Wanna","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andy Wanna","raw_affiliation_strings":["Georgia Institute of Technology,School of Electrical and Computer Engineering"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Georgia Institute of Technology,School of Electrical and Computer Engineering","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022726792","display_name":"Hanqiu Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1834-5612"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hanqiu Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Georgia Institute of Technology,School of Electrical and Computer Engineering"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Georgia Institute of Technology,School of Electrical and Computer Engineering","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074300487","display_name":"Cong Hao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cong Callie Hao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Georgia Institute of Technology,School of Electrical and Computer Engineering"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Georgia Institute of Technology,School of Electrical and Computer Engineering","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89065036,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"273","last_page":"273"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11986","display_name":"Scientific Computing and Data Management","score":0.1509000062942505,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11986","display_name":"Scientific Computing and Data Management","score":0.1509000062942505,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12535","display_name":"Machine Learning and Data Classification","score":0.06419999897480011,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13650","display_name":"Computational Physics and Python Applications","score":0.04690000042319298,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/suite","display_name":"Suite","score":0.7074999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.492900013923645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.31859999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.26829999685287476}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79581498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1367530","display_name":"Suite","level":2,"score":0.7074999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6478000283241272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5091000199317932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.507099986076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.492900013923645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.31859999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.3140000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.28630000352859497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.26829999685287476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50292564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2462783","display_name":"Computational learning theory","level":3,"score":0.26649999618530273}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/fccm68464.2026.00061","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fccm68464.2026.00061","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2026 IEEE 34th Annual International Symposium on Field-Programmable Custom Computing Machines (FCCM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.42530807852745056,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":4,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2012114780","https://openalex.org/W2080592089","https://openalex.org/W2788211964","https://openalex.org/W7133200454"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"High-Level":[0],"Synthesis":[1],"(HLS)":[2],"has":[3],"gained":[4],"traction":[5],"in":[6],"hardware":[7,135],"design,":[8],"yet":[9],"two":[10],"key":[11,193],"limitations":[12,222],"prevent":[13],"it":[14],"from":[15],"becoming":[16],"mainstream.":[17],"\u2776":[18],"First":[19],",":[20,113,119,139,176],"existing":[21],"HLS":[22,67,90,115,167,179,187,200,218,225,239,256,279],"benchmarks":[23,219],"are":[24,117],"outdated":[25,45],"and":[26,40,50,57,61,102,124,149,157,163,182,190,210,230,246,268,271],"unrepresentative":[27],"of":[28,207,223,238,262],"modern":[29,76,133,224],"machine":[30],"learning":[31],"(ML)":[32],"workloads.":[33],"Legacy":[34],"suites":[35],"such":[36,78],"as":[37,79,249],"MachSuite":[38],"[1]":[39],"Rosetta":[41],"[2]":[42],"rely":[43],"on":[44,227],"algorithms,":[46],"while":[47],"Rodinia":[48],"[3]":[49],"Poly-Bench":[51],"[4]":[52],"were":[53],"designed":[54],"for":[55,185,252,275],"GPUs":[56],"software":[58],"compilers,":[59],"respectively,":[60],"thus":[62],"offer":[63],"limited":[64],"relevance":[65],"to":[66],"evaluation.":[68,191],"Even":[69],"recent":[70],"efforts":[71],"like":[72],"HLSyn":[73],"[5]":[74],"exclude":[75],"architectures":[77,142],"Large":[80],"Language":[81],"Models":[82],"(LLMs).":[83],"Meanwhile,":[84],"the":[85,260,273],"research":[86],"community":[87],"increasingly":[88],"evaluates":[89],"tools":[91,116,162],"using":[92],"advanced":[93],"ML":[94,134,228],"models":[95],"through":[96],"ad-hoc,":[97],"private":[98],"implementations,":[99],"making":[100],"fair":[101],"reproducible":[103],"comparisons":[104],"impossible":[105],"without":[106],"a":[107,250],"standardized,":[108],"open-source":[109],"benchmark.":[110],"\u2777":[111],"Second":[112],"current":[114],"accelerator-oriented":[118],"targeting":[120],"simple":[121],"standalone":[122],"functions":[123],"generating":[125],"one-off":[126],"accelerators":[127],"via":[128],"static":[129],"dataflow":[130,145],"analysis.":[131],"However,":[132],"design":[136,151,164,189,201],"is":[137,282],"architecture-oriented":[138,233],"requiring":[140],"general-purpose":[141],"with":[143,241],"flexible":[144],"control,":[146],"multi-application":[147],"mapping,":[148],"complex":[150],"hierarchies":[152],"featuring":[153,236],"shared":[154],"module":[155,276],"extraction":[156],"reuse.":[158],"This":[159],"mismatch":[160],"between":[161],"practice":[165],"limits":[166],"productivity.":[168],"To":[169],"address":[170],"these":[171],"limitations,":[172],"we":[173],"propose":[174],"ForgeBench":[175,281],"an":[177,197,232],"ML-centric":[178],"benchmark":[180,234],"suite":[181,235],"generation":[183,202],"framework":[184,203],"next-generation":[186],"tool":[188],"Our":[192],"contributions":[194],"are:":[195],"(1)":[196],"open-source,":[198],"extensible":[199],"supporting":[204],"easy":[205],"integration":[206],"new":[208],"designs":[209,240,265],"applications;":[211],"(2)":[212],"over":[213],"10,000":[214],"high-quality,":[215],"diverse":[216],"ML-representative":[217],"that":[220],"expose":[221],"frameworks":[226],"workloads;":[229],"(3)":[231],"pairs":[237],"manually":[242],"implemented":[243],"module-level":[244],"reuse":[245,277],"mappings,":[247],"serving":[248],"baseline":[251],"evaluating":[253],"future":[254],"modular":[255],"tools.":[257],"We":[258],"demonstrate":[259],"diversity":[261],"our":[263],"generated":[264],"across":[266],"latency":[267],"resource":[269],"usage,":[270],"show":[272],"potential":[274],"within":[278],"designs.":[280],"open-sourced":[283],"at":[284],"https://github.com/hchen799/ForgeBench":[285],".":[286]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2026-06-11T00:00:00"}
