{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4281640104","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fccm53951.2022.9786165","title":"An Efficient FPGA Implementation of k-Nearest Neighbors via Online Arithmetic","display_name":"An Efficient FPGA Implementation of k-Nearest Neighbors via Online Arithmetic","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-05-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4281640104","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fccm53951.2022.9786165"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/fccm53951.2022.9786165","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fccm53951.2022.9786165","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE 30th Annual International Symposium on Field-Programmable Custom Computing Machines (FCCM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032446883","display_name":"Saeid Gorgin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5898-4872"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152238500","display_name":"Chosun University","ror":"https://ror.org/01zt9a375","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152238500"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saeid Gorgin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chosun University,Department of Computer Engineering,Gwangju,Republic of Korea","Department of Computer Engineering, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chosun University,Department of Computer Engineering,Gwangju,Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152238500"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152238500"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009486418","display_name":"Mohammad Hosein Gholamrezaei","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152238500","display_name":"Chosun University","ror":"https://ror.org/01zt9a375","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152238500"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Hosein Gholamrezaei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chosun University,Department of Computer Engineering,Gwangju,Republic of Korea","Department of Computer Engineering, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chosun University,Department of Computer Engineering,Gwangju,Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152238500"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152238500"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083420500","display_name":"Danial Javaheri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7275-2370"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152238500","display_name":"Chosun University","ror":"https://ror.org/01zt9a375","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152238500"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Danial Javaheri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chosun University,Department of Computer Engineering,Gwangju,Republic of Korea","Department of Computer Engineering, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chosun University,Department of Computer Engineering,Gwangju,Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152238500"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152238500"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073344264","display_name":"Jeong\u2013A Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5166-0629"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152238500","display_name":"Chosun University","ror":"https://ror.org/01zt9a375","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152238500"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeong-A Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chosun University,Department of Computer Engineering,Gwangju,Republic of Korea","Department of Computer Engineering, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chosun University,Department of Computer Engineering,Gwangju,Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152238500"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152238500"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.7659,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83919132,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"2"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":0.9943000078201294,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":0.9943000078201294,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11019","display_name":"Image Enhancement Techniques","score":0.9754999876022339,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12697","display_name":"Water Quality Monitoring Technologies","score":0.9746999740600586,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8343845009803772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.7699254751205444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.7035948038101196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speedup","display_name":"Speedup","score":0.7014704942703247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sorting","display_name":"Sorting","score":0.6286625862121582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.5782248973846436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallelism","display_name":"Parallelism (grammar)","score":0.49560773372650146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploit","display_name":"Exploit","score":0.4748566150665283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sorting-algorithm","display_name":"Sorting algorithm","score":0.4111540615558624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.35486307740211487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-architecture","display_name":"Computer architecture","score":0.3421521782875061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.2556774616241455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.2266956865787506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.07274308800697327}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8343845009803772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.7699254751205444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.7035948038101196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68339613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1549489","display_name":"Speedup","level":2,"score":0.7014704942703247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111696304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2303697","display_name":"Sorting","level":2,"score":0.6286625862121582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.5782248973846436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781172179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853109","display_name":"Parallelism (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.49560773372650146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.4748566150665283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108094655","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181593","display_name":"Sorting algorithm","level":3,"score":0.4111540615558624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.35486307740211487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.3421521782875061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.2556774616241455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.2266956865787506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.07274308800697327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/fccm53951.2022.9786165","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fccm53951.2022.9786165","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE 30th Annual International Symposium on Field-Programmable Custom Computing Machines (FCCM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.550000011920929}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1983849809","https://openalex.org/W1993170994","https://openalex.org/W2013814338","https://openalex.org/W2128052013","https://openalex.org/W2131256658","https://openalex.org/W2321251438","https://openalex.org/W2574388714","https://openalex.org/W2581139755","https://openalex.org/W2780408522","https://openalex.org/W2797602528","https://openalex.org/W2798436851","https://openalex.org/W2801757018","https://openalex.org/W2884171506","https://openalex.org/W2889593075","https://openalex.org/W2903688003","https://openalex.org/W2937035224","https://openalex.org/W2993580201","https://openalex.org/W3035177949","https://openalex.org/W3036407082","https://openalex.org/W3119693685","https://openalex.org/W3160837781","https://openalex.org/W3166670648","https://openalex.org/W3168503142","https://openalex.org/W3195580923","https://openalex.org/W3197141964","https://openalex.org/W3197208601","https://openalex.org/W4205939455"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2809748609","https://openalex.org/W3033694952","https://openalex.org/W2372558933","https://openalex.org/W2349288944","https://openalex.org/W797244100","https://openalex.org/W4298155039","https://openalex.org/W2801186172","https://openalex.org/W2367560286","https://openalex.org/W2181812531","https://openalex.org/W2368845094"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"k-NN,":[0],"as":[1],"one":[2,77],"of":[3,67],"the":[4,18,39,57,65,70,75,93],"well-employed":[5],"classification":[6],"algorithms,":[7],"severely":[8],"suffers":[9],"from":[10],"a":[11],"computationally":[12],"intensive":[13],"nature.":[14],"This":[15],"paper":[16],"exploits":[17],"parallelism":[19],"and":[20,28,45,81],"digit":[21],"level":[22],"pipelining":[23],"opportunities":[24],"via":[25],"FPGA":[26,36,80],"devices":[27],"Online":[29,82],"arithmetic":[30,83],"to":[31,49,88,92],"offer":[32],"an":[33],"efficient":[34],"k-NN":[35,72],"implementation.":[37],"All":[38],"required":[40],"operations":[41],"for":[42],"computing":[43],"distances":[44],"sorting":[46],"are":[47,62],"applied":[48],"serially":[50],"coming":[51],"data.":[52],"Moreover,":[53],"we":[54],"dynamically":[55],"terminate":[56],"unnecessary":[58],"computations":[59],"once":[60],"they":[61],"detected.":[63],"To":[64],"best":[66,94],"our":[68],"knowledge,":[69],"proposed":[71],"implementation":[73],"is":[74],"first":[76],"that":[78],"used":[79],"effectively.":[84],"It":[85],"provides":[86],"up":[87],"34%":[89],"speedup":[90],"compared":[91],"state-of-the-art":[95],"design.":[96]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}