{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3034977853","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fccm48280.2020.00015","title":"Corundum: An Open-Source 100-Gbps Nic","display_name":"Corundum: An Open-Source 100-Gbps Nic","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3034977853","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fccm48280.2020.00015","mag":"3034977853"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/fccm48280.2020.00015","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fccm48280.2020.00015","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 IEEE 28th Annual International Symposium on Field-Programmable Custom Computing Machines (FCCM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066879984","display_name":"Alex Forencich","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4630-4651"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Alex Forencich","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029890607","display_name":"Alex C. Snoeren","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5679-3888"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alex C. Snoeren","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053471164","display_name":"George Porter","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9753-5471"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"George Porter","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001604903","display_name":"George C. Papen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6727-1292"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"George Papen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5066879984"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.3256,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":92,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97888482,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"38","last_page":"46"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10829","display_name":"Interconnection Networks and Systems","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10829","display_name":"Interconnection Networks and Systems","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10847","display_name":"Advanced Optical Network Technologies","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7948192358016968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pci-express","display_name":"PCI Express","score":0.6234059929847717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.6094156503677368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-interface","display_name":"Network interface","score":0.5970681309700012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-interface-controller","display_name":"Network interface controller","score":0.565604567527771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.465575635433197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ethernet","display_name":"Ethernet","score":0.40828436613082886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.3885546028614044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.2827022075653076}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7948192358016968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64270927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q206924","display_name":"PCI Express","level":3,"score":0.6234059929847717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.6094156503677368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103987645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q985806","display_name":"Network interface","level":3,"score":0.5970681309700012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171659815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165233","display_name":"Network interface controller","level":2,"score":0.565604567527771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.465575635433197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172173386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79984","display_name":"Ethernet","level":2,"score":0.40828436613082886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.3885546028614044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.2827022075653076}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/fccm48280.2020.00015","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fccm48280.2020.00015","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 IEEE 28th Annual International Symposium on Field-Programmable Custom Computing Machines (FCCM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2040882418","https://openalex.org/W2120111796","https://openalex.org/W2542189141","https://openalex.org/W2547390301","https://openalex.org/W2743429249","https://openalex.org/W2743636099","https://openalex.org/W2744387122","https://openalex.org/W2798534715","https://openalex.org/W2901551283","https://openalex.org/W2901644116","https://openalex.org/W2903538278","https://openalex.org/W2920492459","https://openalex.org/W2968108410","https://openalex.org/W2968193396","https://openalex.org/W3009595907","https://openalex.org/W4239385313","https://openalex.org/W6677843987","https://openalex.org/W6750782330","https://openalex.org/W6756449579","https://openalex.org/W6756512173","https://openalex.org/W6759780686","https://openalex.org/W6760882819"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4289655096","https://openalex.org/W1522111958","https://openalex.org/W3161329160","https://openalex.org/W2148285414","https://openalex.org/W2977424431","https://openalex.org/W2949960492","https://openalex.org/W2993597312","https://openalex.org/W2950460643","https://openalex.org/W2348394835","https://openalex.org/W2115469058"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Corundum":[0,19,172],"is":[1,56,112,138,173],"an":[2],"open-source,":[3,143],"FPGA-based":[4],"prototyping":[5],"platform":[6,20,122],"for":[7,116],"network":[8,82,100],"interface":[9,107,162],"development":[10,97],"at":[11,192],"up":[12],"to":[13,25,108,163,187],"100":[14,193],"Gbps":[15,194],"and":[16,46,88,103,132,136,159,169],"beyond.":[17],"The":[18,105,121,167],"includes":[21,148],"several":[22],"core":[23],"features":[24,94,111],"enable":[26,95],"real-time,":[27],"high-line-rate":[28],"operations":[29],"including:":[30],"a":[31,41,113,141,153,179,189],"high-performance":[32,114],"datapath,":[33],"10G/25G/100G":[34],"Ethernet":[35,165],"MACs,":[36],"PCI":[37,160],"Express":[38],"gen":[39],"3,":[40],"custom":[42],"PCIe":[43],"DMA":[44],"engine,":[45],"native":[47],"high-precision":[48],"IEEE":[49],"1588":[50],"PTP":[51],"timestamping.":[52],"A":[53],"key":[54],"feature":[55],"extensible":[57,68],"queue":[58],"management":[59],"that":[60,147],"can":[61],"support":[62],"over":[63],"10,000":[64],"queues":[65],"coupled":[66],"with":[67,80,197],"transmit":[69,91],"schedulers,":[70],"enabling":[71],"fine-grained":[72],"hardware":[73,110,185],"control":[74],"of":[75,98,156,171,178],"packet":[76],"transmission.":[77],"In":[78],"conjunction":[79],"multiple":[81,84,182],"interfaces,":[83,101],"ports":[85],"per":[86],"interface,":[87],"per-port":[89],"event-driven":[90],"scheduling,":[92],"these":[93,109],"the":[96,117,149,157,164,176],"advanced":[99],"architectures,":[102],"protocols.":[104],"software":[106],"driver":[115,158],"Linux":[118],"networking":[119],"stack.":[120],"also":[123],"supports":[124],"scatter/gather":[125],"DMA,":[126],"checksum":[127],"offloading,":[128],"receive":[129],"flow":[130],"hashing,":[131],"receive-side":[133],"scaling.":[134],"Development":[135],"debugging":[137],"facilitated":[139],"by":[140,175],"comprehensive":[142],"Python-based":[144],"simulation":[145,154],"framework":[146],"entire":[150],"system":[151],"from":[152],"model":[155],"express":[161],"interfaces.":[166],"power":[168],"flexibility":[170],"demonstrated":[174],"implementation":[177],"microsecond-precision":[180],"time-division":[181],"access":[183],"(TDMA)":[184],"scheduler":[186],"enforce":[188],"TDMA":[190],"schedule":[191],"line":[195],"rate":[196],"no":[198],"CPU":[199],"overhead.":[200]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-01-25T23:04:38.658462","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}