{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3174253083","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ever52347.2021.9456619","title":"Multiobjective GA Optimization for Energy Efficient Electric Vehicle Drivetrains","display_name":"Multiobjective GA Optimization for Energy Efficient Electric Vehicle Drivetrains","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-05-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3174253083","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ever52347.2021.9456619","mag":"3174253083"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ever52347.2021.9456619","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ever52347.2021.9456619","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 Sixteenth International Conference on Ecological Vehicles and Renewable Energies (EVER)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080410981","display_name":"Sajib Chakraborty","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9727-7844"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13469542","display_name":"Vrije Universiteit Brussel","ror":"https://ror.org/006e5kg04","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116480","display_name":"Flanders Make (Belgium)","ror":"https://ror.org/02ndjfz59","country_code":"BE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210116480"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sajib Chakraborty","raw_affiliation_strings":["Flanders Make, Heverlee, Belgium","Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Flanders Make, Heverlee, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116480"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040025563","display_name":"Vinayak Padmaji","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210152329","display_name":"Applus+ IDIADA (Spain)","ror":"https://ror.org/051qv3667","country_code":"ES","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210152329"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vinayak Padmaji","raw_affiliation_strings":["Applus IDIADA Group, Santa Oliva, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Applus IDIADA Group, Santa Oliva, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210152329"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024288517","display_name":"Dai-Duong Tran","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3593-0748"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116480","display_name":"Flanders Make (Belgium)","ror":"https://ror.org/02ndjfz59","country_code":"BE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210116480"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13469542","display_name":"Vrije Universiteit Brussel","ror":"https://ror.org/006e5kg04","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dai-Duong Tran","raw_affiliation_strings":["Flanders Make, Heverlee, Belgium","Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Flanders Make, Heverlee, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116480"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077628291","display_name":"Javier A. Corea Araujo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210152329","display_name":"Applus+ IDIADA (Spain)","ror":"https://ror.org/051qv3667","country_code":"ES","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210152329"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Javier A. Corea Araujo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Applus IDIADA Group, Santa Oliva, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Applus IDIADA Group, Santa Oliva, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210152329"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008794669","display_name":"Thomas Geury","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8475-0305"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13469542","display_name":"Vrije Universiteit Brussel","ror":"https://ror.org/006e5kg04","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116480","display_name":"Flanders Make (Belgium)","ror":"https://ror.org/02ndjfz59","country_code":"BE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210116480"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Geury","raw_affiliation_strings":["Flanders Make, Heverlee, Belgium","Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Flanders Make, Heverlee, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116480"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009784852","display_name":"Mohamed El Baghdadi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6090-9609"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13469542","display_name":"Vrije Universiteit Brussel","ror":"https://ror.org/006e5kg04","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116480","display_name":"Flanders Make (Belgium)","ror":"https://ror.org/02ndjfz59","country_code":"BE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210116480"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed El Baghdadi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Flanders Make, Heverlee, Belgium","Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Flanders Make, Heverlee, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116480"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080482571","display_name":"Omar Hegazy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8650-7341"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116480","display_name":"Flanders Make (Belgium)","ror":"https://ror.org/02ndjfz59","country_code":"BE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210116480"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13469542","display_name":"Vrije Universiteit Brussel","ror":"https://ror.org/006e5kg04","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Omar Hegazy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Flanders Make, Heverlee, Belgium","Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Flanders Make, Heverlee, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116480"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5080410981"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13469542","https://openalex.org/I4210116480"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3719,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.59027052,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10808","display_name":"Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Technologies","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10808","display_name":"Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Technologies","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10663","display_name":"Advanced Battery Technologies Research","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10768","display_name":"Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drivetrain","display_name":"Drivetrain","score":0.9608484506607056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-engineering","display_name":"Automotive engineering","score":0.7087504863739014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matlab","display_name":"MATLAB","score":0.547657310962677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-vehicle","display_name":"Electric vehicle","score":0.5190349817276001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.49738529324531555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.45244330167770386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.44328102469444275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/battery","display_name":"Battery (electricity)","score":0.44111549854278564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/converters","display_name":"Converters","score":0.4347877502441406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-algorithm","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","score":0.42081737518310547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.41198644042015076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.40074455738067627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/torque","display_name":"Torque","score":0.29081445932388306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.1891302466392517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.11571472883224487}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105637607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1786258","display_name":"Drivetrain","level":3,"score":0.9608484506607056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.7087504863739014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780365114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169478","display_name":"MATLAB","level":2,"score":0.547657310962677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776422217","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13629441","display_name":"Electric vehicle","level":3,"score":0.5190349817276001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.49738529324531555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.45244330167770386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.44328102469444275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555008776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267298","display_name":"Battery (electricity)","level":3,"score":0.44111549854278564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778422915","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10302051","display_name":"Converters","level":3,"score":0.4347877502441406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8880873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187787","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","level":2,"score":0.42081737518310547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.41198644042015076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.40074455738067627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144171764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48103","display_name":"Torque","level":2,"score":0.29081445932388306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.1891302466392517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.11571472883224487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ever52347.2021.9456619","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ever52347.2021.9456619","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 Sixteenth International Conference on Ecological Vehicles and Renewable Energies (EVER)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:vubissmart:VUBISSMART:2000:151445","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://biblio.vub.ac.be/vubir/multiobjective-ga-optimization-for-energy-efficient-electric-vehicle-drivetrains(804cd65f-4d26-42a8-91c3-399fddd253b0).html","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402573","display_name":"VUBIR (Vrije Universiteit Brussel)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I13469542","host_organization_name":"Vrije Universiteit Brussel","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8999999761581421}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W787187509","https://openalex.org/W1183708268","https://openalex.org/W1833289090","https://openalex.org/W1965324484","https://openalex.org/W1972651187","https://openalex.org/W1998059706","https://openalex.org/W2006651289","https://openalex.org/W2017697220","https://openalex.org/W2023604237","https://openalex.org/W2061698903","https://openalex.org/W2076802686","https://openalex.org/W2084004388","https://openalex.org/W2105133728","https://openalex.org/W2116295191","https://openalex.org/W2126105956","https://openalex.org/W2129405252","https://openalex.org/W2158637354","https://openalex.org/W2397333534","https://openalex.org/W2796011890","https://openalex.org/W2942385432","https://openalex.org/W2990975667","https://openalex.org/W2999845125","https://openalex.org/W3036037317","https://openalex.org/W3090266197","https://openalex.org/W3094960950","https://openalex.org/W4242257964","https://openalex.org/W6654784259","https://openalex.org/W6784599229"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3152769028","https://openalex.org/W3181152791","https://openalex.org/W2896194732","https://openalex.org/W4319159820","https://openalex.org/W2117262463","https://openalex.org/W2548392251","https://openalex.org/W2134345783","https://openalex.org/W2466961241","https://openalex.org/W3125878227","https://openalex.org/W2742326809"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"investigates":[2],"the":[3,17,59,81,91,96,102,116,135,152,160],"impact":[4],"of":[5,19,37,95,140],"using":[6,30],"wide":[7],"bandgap":[8],"(WBG)":[9],"technology-based":[10],"bidirectional":[11],"interleaved":[12],"HV":[13],"DC/DC":[14],"converters":[15],"on":[16,90],"performance":[18,137],"battery":[20],"electric":[21,26,44,82],"vehicles":[22],"(BEVs),":[23],"An":[24],"existing":[25],"vehicle":[27],"is":[28,77,99,111,146,154],"upgraded":[29],"off-the-shelf":[31],"components.":[32,97],"There":[33],"are":[34],"a":[35,72,112,120],"variety":[36],"batteries,":[38],"high":[39],"voltage":[40],"(HV)":[41],"DC/DCs,":[42],"inverters,":[43],"motors,":[45],"transmissions,":[46],"etc.,":[47],"available":[48],"off-the-shelf;":[49],"hence,":[50],"numerous":[51],"possible":[52],"combinations":[53],"can":[54],"be":[55],"formed,":[56],"which":[57],"make":[58],"optimal":[60,92],"component":[61],"selection":[62,94],"process":[63],"more":[64],"complicated":[65],"through":[66],"analytical":[67],"methods.":[68],"In":[69],"this":[70,133],"paper,":[71],"multiobjective":[73],"genetic":[74],"algorithm":[75],"(MOGA)":[76],"adopted":[78],"to":[79,159],"minimize":[80],"energy":[83,117],"consumption":[84,118],"by":[85,149,156],"improving":[86],"drivetrain":[87,136],"efficiency":[88,153],"based":[89],"variant":[93],"It":[98],"found":[100],"from":[101,143],"virtual":[103],"simulation":[104],"framework":[105],"in":[106,115,138],"MATLAB/Simulink\u00ae":[107],"that":[108],"overall,":[109],"there":[110],"9.2%":[113],"reduction":[114],"over":[119],"given":[121],"driving":[122],"cycle,":[123],"i.e.,":[124],"Worldwide":[125],"Harmonized":[126],"Light":[127],"Vehicles":[128],"Test":[129],"Procedure-3a":[130],"(WLTP3a).":[131],"To":[132],"end,":[134],"terms":[139],"acceleration":[141],"time":[142],"0\u201390":[144],"km/h":[145],"also":[147],"improved":[148,155],"10.2%,":[150],"while":[151],"1.5%":[157],"compared":[158],"conventional":[161],"e-drivetrain.":[162]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-05-07T13:39:58.223016","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}