{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4406264441","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/euvip61797.2024.10772888","title":"Enhancing Wrist Fracture Detection and Classification through Deep Learning and XAI","display_name":"Enhancing Wrist Fracture Detection and Classification through Deep Learning and XAI","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-09-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4406264441","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/euvip61797.2024.10772888"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/euvip61797.2024.10772888","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/euvip61797.2024.10772888","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 12th European Workshop on Visual Information Processing (EUVIP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102937899","display_name":"Subhan Ali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5352-0468"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204778367","display_name":"Norwegian University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xg72x27","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Subhan Ali","raw_affiliation_strings":["Norwegian University of Science & Technology (NTNU),Dept. of Computer Science,Gjovik,Norway,2815"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Norwegian University of Science & Technology (NTNU),Dept. of Computer Science,Gjovik,Norway,2815","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044015235","display_name":"Ali Shariq Imran","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2416-2878"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204778367","display_name":"Norwegian University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xg72x27","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali Shariq Imran","raw_affiliation_strings":["Norwegian University of Science & Technology (NTNU),Dept. of Computer Science,Gjovik,Norway,2815"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Norwegian University of Science & Technology (NTNU),Dept. of Computer Science,Gjovik,Norway,2815","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106700089","display_name":"Zenun Kastrati","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I223464139","display_name":"Linnaeus University","ror":"https://ror.org/00j9qag85","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I223464139"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zenun Kastrati","raw_affiliation_strings":["Linnaeus University,Dept. of Informatics,Vaxjo,Sweden,351 95"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Linnaeus University,Dept. of Informatics,Vaxjo,Sweden,351 95","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I223464139"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045728872","display_name":"Sher Muhammad Daudpota","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6684-751X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I68288478","display_name":"Sukkur IBA University","ror":"https://ror.org/03e5jvk98","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I68288478"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sher Muhammad Daudpota","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sukkur IBA University,Dept. of Computer Science,Sukkur,Pakistan,65200"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sukkur IBA University,Dept. of Computer Science,Sukkur,Pakistan,65200","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I68288478"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076654527","display_name":"Faouzi Alaya Cheikh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4823-5250"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204778367","display_name":"Norwegian University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xg72x27","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Faouzi Alaya Cheikh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Norwegian University of Science & Technology (NTNU),Dept. of Computer Science,Gjovik,Norway,2815"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Norwegian University of Science & Technology (NTNU),Dept. of Computer Science,Gjovik,Norway,2815","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062997767","display_name":"Mohib Ullah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0222-6340"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204778367","display_name":"Norwegian University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xg72x27","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohib Ullah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Norwegian University of Science & Technology (NTNU),Dept. of Computer Science,Gjovik,Norway,2815"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Norwegian University of Science & Technology (NTNU),Dept. of Computer Science,Gjovik,Norway,2815","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1038,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.52502747,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.9764000177383423,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.9764000177383423,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14510","display_name":"Medical Imaging and Analysis","score":0.9448000192642212,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6621791124343872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6348292231559753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wrist","display_name":"Wrist","score":0.5128800868988037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fracture","display_name":"Fracture (geology)","score":0.4776257872581482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.4167240858078003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.37472501397132874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.20211833715438843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.13314685225486755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiology","display_name":"Radiology","score":0.0937059223651886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geotechnical-engineering","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","score":0.06671804189682007}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6621791124343872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6348292231559753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778216619","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185706","display_name":"Wrist","level":2,"score":0.5128800868988037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43369102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2307625","display_name":"Fracture (geology)","level":2,"score":0.4776257872581482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.4167240858078003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.37472501397132874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.20211833715438843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.13314685225486755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.0937059223651886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.06671804189682007}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/euvip61797.2024.10772888","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/euvip61797.2024.10772888","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 12th European Workshop on Visual Information Processing (EUVIP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2731899572","https://openalex.org/W3215138031","https://openalex.org/W3009238340","https://openalex.org/W4360585206","https://openalex.org/W4321369474","https://openalex.org/W4285208911","https://openalex.org/W3082895349","https://openalex.org/W4213079790","https://openalex.org/W2248239756","https://openalex.org/W3086377361"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"According":[0],"to":[1,32],"WHO,":[2],"approximately":[3],"1.71":[4],"billion":[5],"people":[6],"worldwide":[7],"have":[8],"musculoskeletal":[9],"conditions,":[10],"which":[11,101,120],"in-":[12],"clude":[13],"various":[14],"issues":[15],"such":[16,49],"as":[17,50],"intact":[18],"muscles,":[19],"bones,":[20],"joints,":[21],"and":[22,59,141,156,175,190],"fractures.":[23],"Among":[24],"those,":[25],"fractures":[26],"are":[27,73,85,94],"the":[28,33,51,96,109,145,168,173,186],"most":[29],"common.":[30],"Due":[31],"emergency":[34],"nature":[35],"of":[36,44,53,57,103,118,171],"diagnosing":[37],"fractures,":[38],"there":[39],"is":[40],"a":[41],"high":[42],"chance":[43],"misdiagnosis":[45],"for":[46,112],"several":[47,129],"reasons,":[48],"unavailability":[52],"radiologists,":[54],"physicians'":[55],"lack":[56],"experience,":[58],"other":[60],"factors.":[61],"Fracture":[62],"diagnostic":[63],"or":[64,79],"X-ray":[65],"interpretation":[66],"errors":[67],"can":[68],"be":[69],"reduced":[70],"if":[71],"radiographs":[72],"always":[74],"read":[75],"instantly":[76],"by":[77],"radiologists":[78],"automatically.":[80],"In":[81,143],"our":[82],"study,":[83],"we":[84,93,127,178],"focusing":[86],"on":[87],"automating":[88],"wrist":[89,105],"fracture":[90,113,125],"diagnosis,":[91],"where":[92],"utilizing":[95],"publicly":[97],"available":[98],"GRAZPEDWRI-DX":[99],"dataset,":[100],"consists":[102],"20,327":[104],"radiographs.":[106],"We":[107],"employed":[108],"YOLOv9":[110],"model":[111,147],"detection,":[114],"achieving":[115],"an":[116],"mAP@50":[117],"0.677,":[119],"surpasses":[121],"previous":[122],"benchmarks.":[123],"For":[124],"classification,":[126],"trained":[128],"state-of-the-art":[130],"deep":[131],"learning":[132],"models,":[133,177],"including":[134],"VGG16,":[135],"VGG19,":[136],"ResNet50,":[137],"EfficientNetB7,":[138],"DenseNet121,":[139],"MobileNet,":[140],"ConvNeXtXLarge.":[142],"particular,":[144],"YOLOv8-cls":[146],"surpassed":[148],"all":[149],"others":[150],"in":[151],"accuracy":[152],"(0.93),":[153],"precision":[154],"(0.9352),":[155],"recall":[157],"(0.8855),":[158],"reaching":[159],"its":[160],"peak":[161],"performance":[162],"at":[163],"epoch":[164],"70.":[165],"To":[166],"elucidate":[167],"decision-making":[169],"process":[170],"both":[172],"detection":[174],"classification":[176],"generated":[179],"explainable":[180,189],"saliency":[181],"maps":[182],"through":[183],"EigenCAM,":[184],"making":[185],"models":[187],"more":[188],"interpretable.":[191]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}