{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4385624297","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/eurocon56442.2023.10199034","title":"Development of Programmable Logic Controller Emulator With QEMU","display_name":"Development of Programmable Logic Controller Emulator With QEMU","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-07-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4385624297","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/eurocon56442.2023.10199034"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/eurocon56442.2023.10199034","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eurocon56442.2023.10199034","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE EUROCON 2023 - 20th International Conference on Smart Technologies","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026276300","display_name":"Petar Kova\u010d","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181343428","display_name":"University of Zagreb","ror":"https://ror.org/00mv6sv71","country_code":"HR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181343428"]}],"countries":["HR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Petar Kova\u010d","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Zagreb,Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing,Zagreb,Croatia,10000"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Zagreb,Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing,Zagreb,Croatia,10000","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181343428"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048606883","display_name":"Ardian Pantina","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181343428","display_name":"University of Zagreb","ror":"https://ror.org/00mv6sv71","country_code":"HR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181343428"]}],"countries":["HR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ardian Pantina","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Zagreb,Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing,Zagreb,Croatia,10000"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Zagreb,Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing,Zagreb,Croatia,10000","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181343428"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023734196","display_name":"Stjepan Gro\u0161","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6619-2859"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181343428","display_name":"University of Zagreb","ror":"https://ror.org/00mv6sv71","country_code":"HR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181343428"]}],"countries":["HR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stjepan Gro\u0161","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Zagreb,Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing,Zagreb,Croatia,10000"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Zagreb,Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing,Zagreb,Croatia,10000","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181343428"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090903170","display_name":"Damir Sumina","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8474-125X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181343428","display_name":"University of Zagreb","ror":"https://ror.org/00mv6sv71","country_code":"HR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181343428"]}],"countries":["HR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Damir Sumina","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Zagreb,Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing,Zagreb,Croatia,10000"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Zagreb,Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing,Zagreb,Croatia,10000","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181343428"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181343428"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1699,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.45179314,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"770","last_page":"775"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10904","display_name":"Embedded Systems Design Techniques","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/firmware","display_name":"Firmware","score":0.9792138338088989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emulation","display_name":"Emulation","score":0.9142225980758667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.7776773571968079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.755138635635376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microcode","display_name":"Microcode","score":0.5489197969436646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programmable-logic-controller","display_name":"Programmable logic controller","score":0.4520381689071655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.41176488995552063}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67212190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104851","display_name":"Firmware","level":2,"score":0.9792138338088989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149810388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5374873","display_name":"Emulation","level":2,"score":0.9142225980758667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.7776773571968079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.755138635635376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22174128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175869","display_name":"Microcode","level":2,"score":0.5489197969436646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37374048","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188674","display_name":"Programmable logic controller","level":2,"score":0.4520381689071655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.41176488995552063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/eurocon56442.2023.10199034","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eurocon56442.2023.10199034","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE EUROCON 2023 - 20th International Conference on Smart Technologies","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.4399999976158142,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1522250664","https://openalex.org/W1608846837","https://openalex.org/W2120635877","https://openalex.org/W2132574561","https://openalex.org/W2180600715","https://openalex.org/W2607024327","https://openalex.org/W2964241064","https://openalex.org/W2977770803","https://openalex.org/W3048512654","https://openalex.org/W3118666763","https://openalex.org/W3157039655","https://openalex.org/W3158006664","https://openalex.org/W4213268065","https://openalex.org/W6631155369","https://openalex.org/W6685430852","https://openalex.org/W6768128038","https://openalex.org/W6781817248","https://openalex.org/W6793980422","https://openalex.org/W6794636854","https://openalex.org/W6921300763","https://openalex.org/W6989480806"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3111743984","https://openalex.org/W1966431236","https://openalex.org/W3118666763","https://openalex.org/W608147619","https://openalex.org/W4312439535","https://openalex.org/W4378976979","https://openalex.org/W1984676852","https://openalex.org/W3037057426","https://openalex.org/W4362015489","https://openalex.org/W2026551898"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"It":[0],"is":[1,69,73,88,91,109,146,219,234],"crucial":[2],"to":[3,93,128,133,155,160,173],"ensure":[4],"the":[5,24,29,39,61,86,96,104,112,118,136,139,157,183,194,197,200,213,224,239],"security":[6],"of":[7,15,28,53,117,138,142,223,229],"programmable":[8],"logic":[9],"controllers":[10],"(PLCs),":[11],"as":[12],"any":[13],"compromise":[14],"these":[16],"devices":[17,202],"can":[18,56],"have":[19],"a":[20,153,162,188,220,231,245],"significant":[21],"impact":[22],"on":[23,103],"safety":[25],"and":[26,41,63,114,165,185,192,199],"stability":[27],"industrial":[30],"process.":[31],"An":[32],"exploited":[33],"vulnerability":[34],"could":[35,125],"affect":[36],"production,":[37],"damage":[38],"plant,":[40],"potentially":[42],"put":[43],"people":[44],"at":[45],"risk.":[46],"To":[47,120],"make":[48],"them":[49],"secure,":[50],"various":[51],"forms":[52],"third-party":[54],"testing":[55,72,108,247],"be":[57,79,126],"performed.":[58],"However,":[59],"because":[60,98],"firmware":[62,71,76,87,168,186,198],"hardware":[64],"used":[65,127],"in":[66,169,212],"most":[67],"PLCs":[68],"proprietary,":[70],"difficult.":[74],"The":[75,207,216,236],"code":[77],"may":[78],"encrypted,":[80],"compressed,":[81],"and/or":[82],"obfuscated.":[83],"Even":[84],"if":[85],"acquired,":[89],"it":[90,99],"unlikely":[92],"run":[94,166],"without":[95],"PLC":[97,164,191,233],"depends":[100],"too":[101],"much":[102],"hardware,":[105,140],"which":[106,172],"means":[107],"limited":[110],"by":[111],"availability":[113],"processing":[115],"speed":[116,129],"PLC.":[119],"solve":[121],"this":[122,149],"problem,":[123],"emulation":[124,222,228,237],"up":[130],"testing,":[131],"but":[132],"properly":[134],"emulate":[135,161],"behavior":[137],"knowledge":[141,175],"peripheral":[143,201],"device":[144],"communication":[145,195],"required.":[147],"In":[148],"work,":[150],"we":[151],"present":[152],"method":[154],"obtain":[156],"necessary":[158],"information":[159],"proprietary":[163,232],"its":[167],"an":[170],"emulator,":[171],"our":[174],"has":[176],"not":[177],"been":[178],"done":[179],"before.":[180],"We":[181],"acquired":[182],"bootloader":[184],"for":[187,241],"Siemens":[189],"S7-1200":[190],"modeled":[193],"between":[196],"using":[203],"reverse":[204],"engineering":[205],"methods.":[206],"models":[208],"were":[209],"then":[210],"implemented":[211],"QEMU":[214],"emulator.":[215],"end":[217],"result":[218],"partial":[221],"PLC,":[225],"demonstrating":[226],"that":[227],"even":[230],"possible.":[235],"shows":[238],"potential":[240],"future":[242],"integration":[243],"with":[244],"dynamic":[246],"tool.":[248]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}